Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parietal lobe. The parietal lobe is primarily responsible for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and body position. It contains the somatosensory cortex, which receives and interprets sensory information from the skin, muscles, and joints. This area helps us perceive and understand tactile sensations, temperature variations, and proprioception. The frontal lobe is more involved in higher-order cognitive functions and motor control. The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information, and the temporal lobe is involved in auditory processing and memory. Therefore, the parietal lobe is the most appropriate choice for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and body position.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The ulnar nerve supplies sensation to the little finger and half of the ring finger, as well as the corresponding part of the palm. Damage to the ulnar nerve would result in decreased sensation in the hand, specifically in the mentioned areas. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the ulnar nerve does not innervate the arm, leg, or foot, respectively. This is why option A is the most appropriate answer based on the nerve's anatomy and distribution of sensory input.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Larynx. The larynx is an organ of the respiratory system because it plays a crucial role in producing sound and facilitating the passage of air to the lungs. It contains the vocal cords and is located in the throat. The other choices (A: Pancreas, B: Brain, C: Urethra) are not part of the respiratory system. The pancreas is part of the digestive system, the brain is part of the nervous system, and the urethra is part of the urinary system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control because they are attached to bones and allow conscious movement. The other choices are incorrect because smooth muscle (A) controls involuntary functions like digestion, cardiac muscle (B) controls the heart's contractions involuntarily, and striated muscle (D) is a general term that can refer to both cardiac and skeletal muscle, but skeletal muscle is the specific type under voluntary control.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin A. Step 1: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy skin as it promotes cell growth and repair. Step 2: Vitamin A is crucial for vision as it is a component of rhodopsin, a protein in the retina. Step 3: Vitamin C (choice A) is important for immune function and collagen production, not specifically skin or vision. Vitamin D (choice C) is essential for bone health, not skin or vision. Vitamin K (choice D) is important for blood clotting, not skin or vision.