Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Larynx. The larynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory system, located above the trachea and alongside the pharynx. It houses the vocal cords and plays a vital role in phonation and protecting the lower respiratory tract. The other choices are incorrect: B: Trachea is located below the larynx, C: Pharynx is the structure alongside the larynx, not within it, and D: Bronchi are part of the lower respiratory system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, serving as a protective barrier. It consists of several layers of cells, including keratinocytes which provide waterproofing and protection. The dermis (choice A) is the layer beneath the epidermis, providing structural support. Subcutaneous tissue (choice C) and hypodermis (choice D) are the deepest layers of the skin, mainly composed of fat cells and connective tissue, playing a role in insulation and cushioning. Therefore, the epidermis is the correct choice as it directly interacts with the external environment and is responsible for protecting the body.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parietal lobe. The parietal lobe is primarily responsible for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and body position. It contains the somatosensory cortex, which receives and interprets sensory information from the skin, muscles, and joints. This area helps us perceive and understand tactile sensations, temperature variations, and proprioception. The frontal lobe is more involved in higher-order cognitive functions and motor control. The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information, and the temporal lobe is involved in auditory processing and memory. Therefore, the parietal lobe is the most appropriate choice for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and body position.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus releases thyrotrophic-releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. It also secretes growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) to stimulate growth hormone release and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to regulate the secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH). The other choices are incorrect because: A: Thymus - The thymus is primarily involved in immune function and does not release the mentioned hormones. B: Pituitary gland - While the pituitary gland responds to the hormones released by the hypothalamus, it does not release TRH, GHRH, or GnRH directly. C: Pineal gland - The pineal gland mainly secretes melatonin and is not involved in releasing the mentioned hormones related to growth, thyroid function, and reproduction

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyoid. The hyoid bone is the only bone in the human body that does not directly articulate with any other bone. It is a U-shaped bone located in the neck, suspended by ligaments and muscles. Its unique position and function in supporting the tongue and larynx make it distinct from the other choices. The femur (A), radius (C), and tibia (D) are all long bones that articulate with neighboring bones at their respective joints, such as the hip, elbow, and knee joints, respectively. The hyoid bone's isolated location and lack of direct articulation with other bones set it apart as the correct choice.