Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Larynx. The larynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory system, located above the trachea and alongside the pharynx. It houses the vocal cords and plays a vital role in phonation and protecting the lower respiratory tract. The other choices are incorrect: B: Trachea is located below the larynx, C: Pharynx is the structure alongside the larynx, not within it, and D: Bronchi are part of the lower respiratory system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. It is released in response to darkness and helps signal to the body that it is time to sleep. Melatonin levels increase at night, promoting sleep, and decrease during the day, promoting wakefulness. A: Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels, not the sleep-wake cycle. C: Cortisol is a stress hormone involved in the body's response to stress and is not directly related to the sleep-wake cycle. D: Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism and energy levels, not the sleep-wake cycle.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To break down food. The stomach plays a crucial role in digestion by using acid and enzymes to break down food into smaller particles for further processing in the intestines. Absorbing nutrients (A) primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the stomach. While the stomach does secrete digestive enzymes (C), its main function is not solely to secrete enzymes but to physically and chemically break down food. Storing glucose (D) is not a primary function of the stomach in digestion; glucose storage mainly occurs in the liver and muscles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Larynx. The larynx is an organ of the respiratory system because it plays a crucial role in producing sound and facilitating the passage of air to the lungs. It contains the vocal cords and is located in the throat. The other choices (A: Pancreas, B: Brain, C: Urethra) are not part of the respiratory system. The pancreas is part of the digestive system, the brain is part of the nervous system, and the urethra is part of the urinary system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parietal lobe. The parietal lobe is primarily responsible for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and body position. It contains the somatosensory cortex, which receives and interprets sensory information from the skin, muscles, and joints. This area helps us perceive and understand tactile sensations, temperature variations, and proprioception. The frontal lobe is more involved in higher-order cognitive functions and motor control. The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information, and the temporal lobe is involved in auditory processing and memory. Therefore, the parietal lobe is the most appropriate choice for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and body position.