Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To absorb nutrients. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream for distribution to the rest of the body. This process involves the absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The small intestine does not primarily break down food (A), as this is mainly done in the stomach. While the small intestine does secrete digestive enzymes (C), its primary function is absorption. Lastly, the small intestine does not store glucose (D), as glucose is stored in the liver and muscles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pinna. The pinna, also known as the auricle, is the most visible part of the ear. It is the external, cartilaginous structure that helps collect and funnel sound waves into the ear canal. The ear canal, choice A, is not the most visible part as it is mostly within the ear. The cochlea, choice B, and the organ of Corti, choice C, are internal structures within the ear responsible for processing sound signals, but they are not visible from the outside. Therefore, the pinna is the correct answer as it is the visible part of the ear that is easily recognizable on the exterior.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata is located in the brainstem and is responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing and heart rate. It contains the respiratory center that regulates breathing and the cardiac center that controls heart rate. The cerebrum (A) is involved in higher brain functions such as thinking and voluntary movements, not in controlling basic bodily functions. The cerebellum (C) is responsible for coordination and balance, not for regulating breathing or heart rate. The hypothalamus (D) plays a role in regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst, but not specifically in controlling breathing and heart rate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because calcium and phosphorus are essential nutrients for bone health. Calcium is a major component of bone structure, while phosphorus helps in bone mineralization. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption, but does not directly contribute to bone structure. Iron and zinc are important for other bodily functions, not specifically bone health. Magnesium and sodium are not as directly related to bone health as calcium and phosphorus. In summary, calcium and phosphorus directly support bone health, making them the crucial nutrients in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Larynx. The larynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory system, located above the trachea and alongside the pharynx. It houses the vocal cords and plays a vital role in phonation and protecting the lower respiratory tract. The other choices are incorrect: B: Trachea is located below the larynx, C: Pharynx is the structure alongside the larynx, not within it, and D: Bronchi are part of the lower respiratory system.