Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. They contain enzymes necessary for the production of ATP, which is the main energy currency of the cell. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Nucleus - Responsible for controlling cell activities and storing genetic material. C: Ribosome - Responsible for protein synthesis, not energy production. D: Golgi apparatus - Responsible for processing and packaging proteins for secretion, not energy production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To detoxify harmful substances. The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism by detoxifying harmful substances such as drugs and alcohol. It metabolizes these substances into less harmful compounds for elimination from the body. Other choices are incorrect because: A: The liver produces bile to aid in digestion, not directly related to metabolism. C: While the liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen, it is not its primary role in metabolism. D: Insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the liver, to regulate blood sugar levels, not directly related to liver's role in metabolism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyoid. The hyoid bone is the only bone in the human body that does not directly articulate with any other bone. It is a U-shaped bone located in the neck, suspended by ligaments and muscles. Its unique position and function in supporting the tongue and larynx make it distinct from the other choices. The femur (A), radius (C), and tibia (D) are all long bones that articulate with neighboring bones at their respective joints, such as the hip, elbow, and knee joints, respectively. The hyoid bone's isolated location and lack of direct articulation with other bones set it apart as the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To break down food. The stomach plays a crucial role in digestion by using acid and enzymes to break down food into smaller particles for further processing in the intestines. Absorbing nutrients (A) primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the stomach. While the stomach does secrete digestive enzymes (C), its main function is not solely to secrete enzymes but to physically and chemically break down food. Storing glucose (D) is not a primary function of the stomach in digestion; glucose storage mainly occurs in the liver and muscles.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Larynx. The larynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory system, located above the trachea and alongside the pharynx. It houses the vocal cords and plays a vital role in phonation and protecting the lower respiratory tract. The other choices are incorrect: B: Trachea is located below the larynx, C: Pharynx is the structure alongside the larynx, not within it, and D: Bronchi are part of the lower respiratory system.