Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D (Parathyroid) is correct: 1. Parathyroid glands are not directly involved in the stress response. 2. When under stress, hypothalamus triggers the release of hormones from posterior pituitary and adrenal cortex. 3. Parathyroid regulates calcium levels, not stress hormones. 4. Choices A, B, and C are all directly involved in the stress response. In summary, the parathyroid gland is not a part of the stress response system, unlike the posterior pituitary, hypothalamus, and adrenal cortex.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Larynx. The larynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory system, located above the trachea and alongside the pharynx. It houses the vocal cords and plays a vital role in phonation and protecting the lower respiratory tract. The other choices are incorrect: B: Trachea is located below the larynx, C: Pharynx is the structure alongside the larynx, not within it, and D: Bronchi are part of the lower respiratory system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because calcium and phosphorus are essential nutrients for bone health. Calcium is a major component of bone structure, while phosphorus helps in bone mineralization. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption, but does not directly contribute to bone structure. Iron and zinc are important for other bodily functions, not specifically bone health. Magnesium and sodium are not as directly related to bone health as calcium and phosphorus. In summary, calcium and phosphorus directly support bone health, making them the crucial nutrients in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To break down food. The stomach plays a crucial role in digestion by using acid and enzymes to break down food into smaller particles for further processing in the intestines. Absorbing nutrients (A) primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the stomach. While the stomach does secrete digestive enzymes (C), its main function is not solely to secrete enzymes but to physically and chemically break down food. Storing glucose (D) is not a primary function of the stomach in digestion; glucose storage mainly occurs in the liver and muscles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Larynx. The larynx is an organ of the respiratory system because it plays a crucial role in producing sound and facilitating the passage of air to the lungs. It contains the vocal cords and is located in the throat. The other choices (A: Pancreas, B: Brain, C: Urethra) are not part of the respiratory system. The pancreas is part of the digestive system, the brain is part of the nervous system, and the urethra is part of the urinary system.