Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To break down food. The stomach plays a crucial role in digestion by using acid and enzymes to break down food into smaller particles for further processing in the intestines. Absorbing nutrients (A) primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the stomach. While the stomach does secrete digestive enzymes (C), its main function is not solely to secrete enzymes but to physically and chemically break down food. Storing glucose (D) is not a primary function of the stomach in digestion; glucose storage mainly occurs in the liver and muscles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Platelets' primary function is to clot blood. When a blood vessel is injured, platelets adhere to the site, forming a plug to stop bleeding. This process is crucial for wound healing and preventing excessive blood loss. Platelets do not fight infections, carry oxygen, or transport nutrients. These functions are primarily carried out by white blood cells, red blood cells, and the circulatory system, respectively. Platelets' role in blood clotting is essential for maintaining hemostasis in the body.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Left ventricle. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber of the heart because it is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the entire body. It has thick muscular walls to generate enough force to propel blood through the systemic circulation. The right atrium (choice A) receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the right ventricle (choice C) pumps this blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the left atrium (choice D) receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. None of these chambers have the same pumping workload and muscular thickness as the left ventricle, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Erythropoiesis. Erythropoiesis is the process of producing red blood cells. This process occurs in the bone marrow and is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin. Thrombopoiesis (A) is the production of platelets, not red blood cells. Hematopoiesis (C) is the general process of blood cell formation, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Phagocytosis (D) is the process by which cells engulf and digest particles, not related to red blood cell production. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it specifically relates to the production of red blood cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parietal lobe. The parietal lobe is primarily responsible for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and body position. It contains the somatosensory cortex, which receives and interprets sensory information from the skin, muscles, and joints. This area helps us perceive and understand tactile sensations, temperature variations, and proprioception. The frontal lobe is more involved in higher-order cognitive functions and motor control. The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information, and the temporal lobe is involved in auditory processing and memory. Therefore, the parietal lobe is the most appropriate choice for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and body position.