HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: The integumentary system. This system includes the skin, hair, and nails, which play a crucial role in maintaining temperature control through processes like sweating and shivering. The skin regulates body temperature by releasing heat when we are hot and conserving heat when we are cold. The skeletal system (A) provides structure and support, the digestive system (B) processes food for energy, and the nervous system (C) controls body functions but is not primarily responsible for temperature regulation like the integumentary system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Achilles tendon, as it is a posterior feature of the human leg. The Achilles tendon is located at the back of the ankle, connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. This tendon is crucial for various movements like walking, running, and jumping. Rationale: 1. The Achilles tendon is a well-known structure located at the posterior aspect of the leg. 2. It plays a vital role in the functioning of the lower leg muscles. 3. The other choices (A: Patella, B: Quadriceps sartorius, C: Triceps brachii) are not located at the posterior aspect of the leg and are not directly related to the function of the lower leg muscles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the first step in pulmonary circulation is the pulmonary artery carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. This step initiates the process of oxygen exchange in the lungs. The other choices are incorrect as they do not represent the initial step in pulmonary circulation. Choice A occurs after oxygen exchange in the lungs, choice C describes the gas exchange process within the alveoli, and choice D refers to the systemic circulation, not the pulmonary circulation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 26. The human foot consists of 26 bones, including the tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. Understanding human anatomy is crucial for healthcare professionals and students. Choice A (6) is too few for the complexity of the foot structure. Choice B (16) is close but doesn't account for all the bones in the foot. Choice D (36) is too high and likely includes bones from other parts of the body. Identifying the correct number of bones in the foot is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment of foot-related conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: When they block a duct. Gallstones cause issues when they obstruct the flow of bile from the gallbladder through the bile ducts. This blockage can lead to severe pain, inflammation, infection, and potentially life-threatening complications. Choices B and C focus on the composition of gallstones, which may not always correlate with symptom severity. Choice D is incorrect because gallstones dissolving can actually relieve symptoms rather than cause problems.