HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: iris and lens. The anterior chamber of the eye is the space between the cornea (in front) and the iris and lens (behind). The cornea covers the front of the eye, and the iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil. The lens is located behind the iris and helps to focus light onto the retina at the back of the eye. Therefore, the correct placement of the anterior chamber is between the iris and lens. The other choices are incorrect because the lens and retina are not adjacent to each other in the eye, the cornea and iris are both in front of the anterior chamber, and the retina and optic nerve are located at the back of the eye, behind the lens.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the circulatory system works with the digestive system by transporting absorbed nutrients from the digestive tract to cells throughout the body. First, after food is broken down in the digestive system, nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine. Then, the circulatory system, specifically the blood vessels, carries these nutrients to different tissues and organs for energy production, growth, and repair. This process is essential for maintaining the body's overall function and health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the circulatory system does not remove undigested solids (choice A), filter and collect digested materials (choice B), or release enzymes that control digestion (choice D). These functions are primarily carried out by the digestive system itself, including the stomach, intestines, and associated organs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Primary peristalsis occurs in the esophagus. This process involves coordinated muscle contractions that push food from the mouth to the stomach. The esophagus contains smooth muscles that contract rhythmically to propel food downwards. In contrast, the stomach's main function is to mix and churn food with gastric juices, not conduct peristalsis. The nervous system plays a role in regulating peristalsis but is not the location where it occurs. The small intestine is primarily involved in digestion and absorption of nutrients, not peristalsis. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as the esophagus is where primary peristalsis takes place.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: The integumentary system. This system includes the skin, hair, and nails, which play a crucial role in maintaining temperature control through processes like sweating and shivering. The skin regulates body temperature by releasing heat when we are hot and conserving heat when we are cold. The skeletal system (A) provides structure and support, the digestive system (B) processes food for energy, and the nervous system (C) controls body functions but is not primarily responsible for temperature regulation like the integumentary system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: When they block a duct. Gallstones cause issues when they obstruct the flow of bile from the gallbladder through the bile ducts. This blockage can lead to severe pain, inflammation, infection, and potentially life-threatening complications. Choices B and C focus on the composition of gallstones, which may not always correlate with symptom severity. Choice D is incorrect because gallstones dissolving can actually relieve symptoms rather than cause problems.