HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The endocrine system. The endocrine system produces hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which play a crucial role in the body's stress response. These hormones help regulate heart rate, metabolism, and other physiological responses to stress. The digestive system (B), lymphatic system (C), and respiratory system (D) do not have primary roles in controlling stress. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, the lymphatic system helps with immunity, and the respiratory system is involved in breathing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Frontal lobe. The frontal lobe is responsible for speech production as it houses the Broca's area, which is crucial for language processing and speech production. Lesions in the frontal lobe can lead to expressive aphasia. The parietal lobe (B) is more involved in processing sensory information and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe (C) is important for auditory processing and memory. The occipital lobe (D) is primarily responsible for visual processing. Therefore, the frontal lobe is the correct choice for speech production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 26. The human foot consists of 26 bones, including the tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. Understanding human anatomy is crucial for healthcare professionals and students. Choice A (6) is too few for the complexity of the foot structure. Choice B (16) is close but doesn't account for all the bones in the foot. Choice D (36) is too high and likely includes bones from other parts of the body. Identifying the correct number of bones in the foot is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment of foot-related conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The endocrine system. The endocrine system produces hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which play a crucial role in the body's stress response. These hormones help regulate heart rate, metabolism, and other physiological responses to stress. The digestive system (B), lymphatic system (C), and respiratory system (D) do not have primary roles in controlling stress. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, the lymphatic system helps with immunity, and the respiratory system is involved in breathing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: nervous system. The retinas belong to the nervous system as they are part of the sensory organs responsible for receiving and processing visual information. The retinas contain photoreceptor cells that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve for interpretation. The skeletal system (A) is responsible for providing support and protection for the body, the lymphatic system (C) is responsible for immune function and fluid balance, and the circulatory system (D) is responsible for transporting blood and nutrients throughout the body. Therefore, the retinas do not belong to these systems.