HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Melatonin. The pineal gland is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. It is released in response to darkness, helping to signal the body that it is time to sleep. Corticosteroid (A) is produced by the adrenal glands, oxytocin (B) is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, and prolactin (C) is produced by the pituitary gland. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it directly relates to the function of the pineal gland.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: proximal. The shoulder is proximal to the elbow because "proximal" refers to a structure being closer to the point of attachment or origin, which is the case for the shoulder in relation to the elbow. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Posterior refers to the back side, not the proximity. C: Distal means farther away from the point of attachment, which is opposite to the relationship between the shoulder and elbow. D: Medial refers to being closer to the midline of the body, not the point of attachment in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tofu. Tofu, made from soybeans, is a complete protein source, providing all essential amino acids needed by the body. It is a significant protein source for individuals on a vegan diet. Eggs (A) and fish (B) are animal products and not suitable for a vegan diet. Leafy greens (D) are not a significant source of protein compared to tofu and may not provide enough protein for a person following a vegan diet.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the circulatory system works with the digestive system by transporting absorbed nutrients from the digestive tract to cells throughout the body. First, after food is broken down in the digestive system, nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine. Then, the circulatory system, specifically the blood vessels, carries these nutrients to different tissues and organs for energy production, growth, and repair. This process is essential for maintaining the body's overall function and health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the circulatory system does not remove undigested solids (choice A), filter and collect digested materials (choice B), or release enzymes that control digestion (choice D). These functions are primarily carried out by the digestive system itself, including the stomach, intestines, and associated organs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamin B1, which is another name for thiamine. Thiamine is essential for energy metabolism and nerve function. Vitamin B2 (choice B) is riboflavin, Vitamin B6 (choice C) is pyridoxine, and Vitamin D (choice D) is important for bone health. Thiamine deficiency can lead to serious conditions like beriberi, making it crucial for overall health.