HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Integumentary system. Sebaceous glands are located in the skin, which is part of the integumentary system. These glands secrete sebum to lubricate and protect the skin. The endocrine system (choice A) regulates hormones, not sebum production. The digestive system (choice B) processes food, not related to sebaceous glands. The respiratory system (choice C) is responsible for gas exchange, not sebum secretion. Therefore, the integumentary system is the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Integumentary system. Sebaceous glands are located in the skin, which is part of the integumentary system. These glands secrete sebum to lubricate and protect the skin. The endocrine system (choice A) regulates hormones, not sebum production. The digestive system (choice B) processes food, not related to sebaceous glands. The respiratory system (choice C) is responsible for gas exchange, not sebum secretion. Therefore, the integumentary system is the correct choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The endocrine system. The endocrine system produces hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which play a crucial role in the body's stress response. These hormones help regulate heart rate, metabolism, and other physiological responses to stress. The digestive system (B), lymphatic system (C), and respiratory system (D) do not have primary roles in controlling stress. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, the lymphatic system helps with immunity, and the respiratory system is involved in breathing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tendon and possibly ligament. In a rotator cuff tear, the structures that are typically torn are the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles, particularly the supraspinatus tendon. The rotator cuff is composed of muscles and tendons, not ligaments. While it is possible for some ligaments to be involved in severe cases, the primary structures affected are the tendons. Choice B is incorrect because muscles are not typically torn in a rotator cuff tear. Choice C is incorrect as ligaments are not the primary structures involved in a rotator cuff tear. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests that only the tendons are affected, whereas the tear commonly involves both tendons and possibly ligaments.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Melatonin. The pineal gland is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. It is released in response to darkness, helping to signal the body that it is time to sleep. Corticosteroid (A) is produced by the adrenal glands, oxytocin (B) is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, and prolactin (C) is produced by the pituitary gland. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it directly relates to the function of the pineal gland.