HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Frontal lobe. The frontal lobe is responsible for speech production as it houses the Broca's area, which is crucial for language processing and speech production. Lesions in the frontal lobe can lead to expressive aphasia. The parietal lobe (B) is more involved in processing sensory information and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe (C) is important for auditory processing and memory. The occipital lobe (D) is primarily responsible for visual processing. Therefore, the frontal lobe is the correct choice for speech production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: frontal. The coronal plane divides the body into front and back portions. The term "frontal" refers to the front of the body, making it the most appropriate descriptor for this plane. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Sagittal plane divides the body into left and right portions. B: Median plane is another term for the sagittal plane. D: Axial plane is not a commonly used term in anatomical terminology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tendon and possibly ligament. In a rotator cuff tear, the structures that are typically torn are the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles, particularly the supraspinatus tendon. The rotator cuff is composed of muscles and tendons, not ligaments. While it is possible for some ligaments to be involved in severe cases, the primary structures affected are the tendons. Choice B is incorrect because muscles are not typically torn in a rotator cuff tear. Choice C is incorrect as ligaments are not the primary structures involved in a rotator cuff tear. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests that only the tendons are affected, whereas the tear commonly involves both tendons and possibly ligaments.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: When they block a duct. Gallstones cause issues when they obstruct the flow of bile from the gallbladder through the bile ducts. This blockage can lead to severe pain, inflammation, infection, and potentially life-threatening complications. Choices B and C focus on the composition of gallstones, which may not always correlate with symptom severity. Choice D is incorrect because gallstones dissolving can actually relieve symptoms rather than cause problems.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The endocrine system. The endocrine system produces hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which play a crucial role in the body's stress response. These hormones help regulate heart rate, metabolism, and other physiological responses to stress. The digestive system (B), lymphatic system (C), and respiratory system (D) do not have primary roles in controlling stress. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, the lymphatic system helps with immunity, and the respiratory system is involved in breathing.