HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Frontal lobe. The frontal lobe is responsible for speech production as it houses the Broca's area, which is crucial for language processing and speech production. Lesions in the frontal lobe can lead to expressive aphasia. The parietal lobe (B) is more involved in processing sensory information and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe (C) is important for auditory processing and memory. The occipital lobe (D) is primarily responsible for visual processing. Therefore, the frontal lobe is the correct choice for speech production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The rotator cuff helps stabilize the humerus and scapula during shoulder movements. It consists of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, providing support and stability. Choice A (Radius and humerus) is incorrect as the radius is not part of the shoulder joint. Choice B (Scapula and clavicle) is incorrect because the clavicle is not directly stabilized by the rotator cuff. Choice D (Ulna and radius) is incorrect as these bones are not part of the shoulder joint and are not stabilized by the rotator cuff. Therefore, choice C (Humerus and scapula) is the correct answer based on the anatomy and function of the rotator cuff in stabilizing the shoulder joint.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the vertebrae of the spine protect the spinal cord, which is a crucial component of the nervous system. The spinal cord carries electrical signals between the brain and the rest of the body, allowing for communication and coordination of movement and sensation. It is essential for the skeletal system to provide protection to vital nervous system structures. A, B, and D are incorrect: A: While bones do provide support for body position, they do not transmit signals to the brain directly. B: While pain nerves within bones can notify the brain of injuries, this is not the primary way the skeletal system works with the nervous system. D: Bone marrow is responsible for producing blood cells, not nerve cells.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Integumentary system. Sebaceous glands are located in the skin, which is part of the integumentary system. These glands secrete sebum to lubricate and protect the skin. The endocrine system (choice A) regulates hormones, not sebum production. The digestive system (choice B) processes food, not related to sebaceous glands. The respiratory system (choice C) is responsible for gas exchange, not sebum secretion. Therefore, the integumentary system is the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: proximal. The shoulder is proximal to the elbow because "proximal" refers to a structure being closer to the point of attachment or origin, which is the case for the shoulder in relation to the elbow. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Posterior refers to the back side, not the proximity. C: Distal means farther away from the point of attachment, which is opposite to the relationship between the shoulder and elbow. D: Medial refers to being closer to the midline of the body, not the point of attachment in this context.