HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Insulin is produced in the beta cells of the pancreas and plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism. The other choices, A: Thyroid gland, B: Pituitary gland, and D: Adrenal gland, are not involved in the production of insulin. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the pituitary gland controls hormone production in other glands, and the adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the pancreas is the correct answer for the production of insulin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hippocampus. The hippocampus is involved in memory formation as it plays a crucial role in the consolidation of short-term memory into long-term memory. It also helps in spatial navigation and declarative memory. The amygdala (choice B) is associated with emotions and emotional memories, not memory formation. The cerebellum (choice C) is primarily responsible for motor coordination, not memory. The medulla oblongata (choice D) is involved in vital autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, not memory.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To absorb oxygen. The primary function of the respiratory system is to take in oxygen from the air and expel carbon dioxide produced by the body's cells. This process is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is used to create energy in the form of ATP. Choice B is incorrect because the transportation of nutrients is primarily handled by the circulatory system. Choice C is incorrect as the production of sound and speech is primarily controlled by the larynx and vocal cords. Choice D is incorrect because the regulation of blood pressure is primarily controlled by the cardiovascular system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quadriceps. The quadriceps muscle group, specifically the rectus femoris, is primarily responsible for extending the knee. This muscle group is located on the front of the thigh and contracts to straighten the knee joint. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Hamstrings primarily flex the knee. C: Calves primarily assist in ankle plantar flexion. D: Glutes primarily extend the hip, not the knee.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Veins. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have valves to prevent backflow and are thin-walled. Arteries (A) carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Capillaries (B) are tiny vessels where oxygen exchange occurs. Lymphatic vessels (D) transport lymph, not blood.