HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tofu. Tofu, made from soybeans, is a complete protein source, providing all essential amino acids needed by the body. It is a significant protein source for individuals on a vegan diet. Eggs (A) and fish (B) are animal products and not suitable for a vegan diet. Leafy greens (D) are not a significant source of protein compared to tofu and may not provide enough protein for a person following a vegan diet.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: nervous system. The retinas belong to the nervous system as they are part of the sensory organs responsible for receiving and processing visual information. The retinas contain photoreceptor cells that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve for interpretation. The skeletal system (A) is responsible for providing support and protection for the body, the lymphatic system (C) is responsible for immune function and fluid balance, and the circulatory system (D) is responsible for transporting blood and nutrients throughout the body. Therefore, the retinas do not belong to these systems.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Trypsin is a digestive enzyme produced in the pancreas that specifically breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. It acts in the small intestine, targeting peptide bonds between amino acids. This process aids in protein digestion and absorption. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as trypsin does not break down fats, starch, or nucleic acids in the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The rotator cuff helps stabilize the humerus and scapula during shoulder movements. It consists of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, providing support and stability. Choice A (Radius and humerus) is incorrect as the radius is not part of the shoulder joint. Choice B (Scapula and clavicle) is incorrect because the clavicle is not directly stabilized by the rotator cuff. Choice D (Ulna and radius) is incorrect as these bones are not part of the shoulder joint and are not stabilized by the rotator cuff. Therefore, choice C (Humerus and scapula) is the correct answer based on the anatomy and function of the rotator cuff in stabilizing the shoulder joint.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the gallbladder is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. When a gallstone blocks the bile duct, it can cause pain in this area due to the distension and inflammation of the gallbladder. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because gallstone pain is typically felt in the upper right quadrant where the gallbladder is located, not in the lower right quadrant, umbilical region, or along the pelvic girdle.