HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: proximal. The shoulder is proximal to the elbow because "proximal" refers to a structure being closer to the point of attachment or origin, which is the case for the shoulder in relation to the elbow. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Posterior refers to the back side, not the proximity. C: Distal means farther away from the point of attachment, which is opposite to the relationship between the shoulder and elbow. D: Medial refers to being closer to the midline of the body, not the point of attachment in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Selenium is an essential mineral known for its antioxidant properties. 2. Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals that can damage cells and lead to various health issues. 3. Selenium specifically plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. 4. Calcium, Sulfur, and Iron are important minerals for various bodily functions but are not primarily known for their antioxidant properties. In summary: - A: Selenium is correct due to its antioxidant properties. - B: Calcium is important for bone health, not specifically an antioxidant. - C: Sulfur is needed for protein synthesis, not primarily an antioxidant. - D: Iron is essential for oxygen transport, not primarily an antioxidant.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the circulatory system works with the digestive system by transporting absorbed nutrients from the digestive tract to cells throughout the body. First, after food is broken down in the digestive system, nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine. Then, the circulatory system, specifically the blood vessels, carries these nutrients to different tissues and organs for energy production, growth, and repair. This process is essential for maintaining the body's overall function and health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the circulatory system does not remove undigested solids (choice A), filter and collect digested materials (choice B), or release enzymes that control digestion (choice D). These functions are primarily carried out by the digestive system itself, including the stomach, intestines, and associated organs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: nervous system. The retinas belong to the nervous system as they are part of the sensory organs responsible for receiving and processing visual information. The retinas contain photoreceptor cells that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve for interpretation. The skeletal system (A) is responsible for providing support and protection for the body, the lymphatic system (C) is responsible for immune function and fluid balance, and the circulatory system (D) is responsible for transporting blood and nutrients throughout the body. Therefore, the retinas do not belong to these systems.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: proximal. The shoulder is proximal to the elbow because "proximal" refers to a structure being closer to the point of attachment or origin, which is the case for the shoulder in relation to the elbow. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Posterior refers to the back side, not the proximity. C: Distal means farther away from the point of attachment, which is opposite to the relationship between the shoulder and elbow. D: Medial refers to being closer to the midline of the body, not the point of attachment in this context.