Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Larynx. The larynx is an organ of the respiratory system because it plays a crucial role in producing sound and facilitating the passage of air to the lungs. It contains the vocal cords and is located in the throat. The other choices (A: Pancreas, B: Brain, C: Urethra) are not part of the respiratory system. The pancreas is part of the digestive system, the brain is part of the nervous system, and the urethra is part of the urinary system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D (Parathyroid) is correct: 1. Parathyroid glands are not directly involved in the stress response. 2. When under stress, hypothalamus triggers the release of hormones from posterior pituitary and adrenal cortex. 3. Parathyroid regulates calcium levels, not stress hormones. 4. Choices A, B, and C are all directly involved in the stress response. In summary, the parathyroid gland is not a part of the stress response system, unlike the posterior pituitary, hypothalamus, and adrenal cortex.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Erythropoiesis. Erythropoiesis is the process of producing red blood cells. This process occurs in the bone marrow and is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin. Thrombopoiesis (A) is the production of platelets, not red blood cells. Hematopoiesis (C) is the general process of blood cell formation, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Phagocytosis (D) is the process by which cells engulf and digest particles, not related to red blood cell production. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it specifically relates to the production of red blood cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parietal lobe. The parietal lobe is primarily responsible for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and body position. It contains the somatosensory cortex, which receives and interprets sensory information from the skin, muscles, and joints. This area helps us perceive and understand tactile sensations, temperature variations, and proprioception. The frontal lobe is more involved in higher-order cognitive functions and motor control. The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information, and the temporal lobe is involved in auditory processing and memory. Therefore, the parietal lobe is the most appropriate choice for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and body position.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Larynx. The larynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory system, located above the trachea and alongside the pharynx. It houses the vocal cords and plays a vital role in phonation and protecting the lower respiratory tract. The other choices are incorrect: B: Trachea is located below the larynx, C: Pharynx is the structure alongside the larynx, not within it, and D: Bronchi are part of the lower respiratory system.