HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is responsible for releasing thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The hypothalamus regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, making it a crucial part of the endocrine system. The thymus (A) is involved in immune function, the pituitary gland (B) releases hormones but does not release these specific hormones, and the pineal gland (C) primarily secretes melatonin and regulates sleep-wake cycles, not the hormones mentioned in the question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenaline. The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal glands and is responsible for producing adrenaline, also known as epinephrine. Adrenaline is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the body's fight or flight response, increasing heart rate, blood flow to muscles, and overall alertness in response to stress or danger. Insulin (A) is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, cortisol (C) is produced by the adrenal cortex to regulate stress response and metabolism, and melatonin (D) is produced by the pineal gland to regulate sleep-wake cycles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for energy production through the process of cellular respiration. They produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell. The other choices are incorrect because the nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins. Therefore, only the mitochondria play a direct role in energy production within the cell.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parathyroid gland. During stress, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to release ACTH, which then stimulates the adrenal cortex to release stress hormones like cortisol. The posterior pituitary releases oxytocin and vasopressin, not directly related to stress. The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels, not involved in the stress response.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells tightly packed together, lining body surfaces or cavities. In this case, the cells are found on the internal surface of the stomach, which aligns with the location of epithelial tissue in the body. The absence of extracellular matrix, tall and thin cells, and lack of blood vessels all point towards epithelial tissue, which functions in protection, absorption, and secretion. Summary: B: Connective tissue would have extracellular matrix and blood vessels. C: Muscle tissue would have muscle fibers and blood vessels. D: Cartilage tissue would have a gel-like matrix and chondrocytes.