HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is responsible for releasing thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The hypothalamus regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, making it a crucial part of the endocrine system. The thymus (A) is involved in immune function, the pituitary gland (B) releases hormones but does not release these specific hormones, and the pineal gland (C) primarily secretes melatonin and regulates sleep-wake cycles, not the hormones mentioned in the question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature through its control over thermoregulation processes. It receives input from temperature receptors in the body and initiates responses to maintain a stable internal temperature. The other choices are incorrect because the cerebellum is primarily responsible for coordination and balance, the medulla oblongata controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate, and the pineal gland regulates sleep-wake cycles through the secretion of melatonin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hippocampus. The hippocampus is involved in memory formation as it plays a crucial role in the consolidation of short-term memory into long-term memory. It also helps in spatial navigation and declarative memory. The amygdala (choice B) is associated with emotions and emotional memories, not memory formation. The cerebellum (choice C) is primarily responsible for motor coordination, not memory. The medulla oblongata (choice D) is involved in vital autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, not memory.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the skin in the integumentary system is to protect the body from external damage. The skin acts as a barrier against pathogens, UV radiation, chemicals, and physical injuries. It also helps regulate body temperature, but its main role is protection. Skin does not produce red blood cells (bone marrow does) or hormones (endocrine glands do). Therefore, choice B is correct as it aligns with the main function of the skin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Insulin. The pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Insulin is crucial in maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Glucagon (choice B) is also produced by the pancreas, but it works in the opposite way to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels. Somatostatin (choice C) is produced by the pancreas and has various functions, including inhibiting the release of insulin and glucagon. Cortisol (choice D) is produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and plays a role in stress response and metabolism.