HESI Fundamentals Quizlet

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that is predominantly found in animal products. Since individuals following a vegan diet do not consume animal products, they are at a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. Therefore, it is crucial for vegans to include a vitamin B12 supplement in their dietary plan to prevent deficiency-related health issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Positioning the client prone with a small pillow below the diaphragm helps maintain proper alignment and provides optimal pressure relief over the sacral area, reducing the risk of developing a pressure ulcer. This position redistributes pressure away from bony prominences, such as the sacrum, which is crucial in preventing ulcer formation in immobile clients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A coagulation time of 20 minutes is prolonged, suggesting a potential bleeding disorder. Ecchymotic areas, which are areas of bruising, are common signs of abnormal bleeding. Therefore, the nurse should observe the client for ecchymotic areas to monitor for potential bleeding issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct calculation involves dividing the total volume by the total time. In this case, 250 ml/4 hours = 63 ml/hour. The dose of KCl is not used in the calculation as the focus is on the rate of infusion over the specified time period.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A report of shortness of breath (C) indicates that the client is not tolerating the oxygen therapy well and may need an adjustment. Shortness of breath is a critical symptom in a client with COPD, as it signifies potential respiratory distress. A respiratory rate of 14 (A), oxygen saturation of 92% (B), and respiratory rate of 24 (D) are not as immediately concerning as they may still fall within acceptable ranges for a client with COPD.