Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To store and concentrate bile. The gallbladder's main role is to store bile produced by the liver and concentrate it, releasing it into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. Bile helps emulsify fats to facilitate their breakdown by enzymes. Choice A is incorrect because the liver produces bile, not the gallbladder. Choice C is incorrect as the breaking down of fats is primarily done by enzymes in the small intestine. Choice D is incorrect as the gallbladder does not secrete digestive enzymes; it stores and releases bile.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To protect the body from external damage. The skin acts as a physical barrier, preventing harmful substances from entering the body and protecting internal organs. It also helps regulate body temperature to some extent, but that is not its primary function. The skin does not produce vitamin D; this is mainly done by the liver and kidneys. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, not the skin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The main function of the endocrine system is to regulate body functions through hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target organs and tissues, influencing processes such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Choice A (To fight infections) is incorrect because the immune system is primarily responsible for fighting infections. Choice C (To produce red blood cells) is incorrect as the production of red blood cells is primarily controlled by the hormone erythropoietin, which is produced by the kidneys. Choice D (To transport oxygen) is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen is mainly carried out by the respiratory and circulatory systems, not the endocrine system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys function to filter waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's internal environment and remove harmful substances. Choice B is incorrect because urine is the end product of the kidney's filtration process, not its primary function. Choice C is incorrect because while the kidneys do play a role in regulating blood pressure, it is not their primary function. Choice D is incorrect because the kidneys primarily excrete waste rather than absorb nutrients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To exchange gases. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Oxygen from the air we breathe enters the blood through the alveoli, and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and exhaled. This process is essential for respiration. Explanation of other choices: A: To filter blood - This is incorrect because the alveoli do not filter blood. Filtering of blood primarily occurs in the kidneys and liver. C: To transport nutrients - This is incorrect because the alveoli are not involved in transporting nutrients. Nutrient transport mainly occurs through the bloodstream. D: To store oxygen - This is incorrect because the alveoli do not store oxygen. Oxygen is temporarily stored in the red blood cells and muscle tissues.