Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets adhere to the site to form a plug to stop bleeding. This process is essential for wound healing and preventing excessive blood loss. Platelets do not transport oxygen (A), fight infection (C), or transport nutrients (D). Oxygen is carried by red blood cells, immune cells fight infection, and nutrients are transported by plasma and other blood components.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heart. The heart is not a component of the central nervous system (CNS) as it is part of the cardiovascular system. The CNS consists of the brain, spinal cord, and retina. The brain controls cognitive functions, the spinal cord transmits nerve signals, and the retina is a part of the visual system. Choice B is incorrect as the heart's function is to pump blood and is not involved in CNS functions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To produce hormones. Adrenal glands are responsible for producing important hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress levels. Choice A is incorrect because blood sugar regulation is primarily controlled by the pancreas. Choice C is incorrect as the production of red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow. Choice D is incorrect as the filtering of blood is mainly carried out by the kidneys.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is A: Pineal gland. The pineal gland is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. The other choices, B: Thyroid gland, C: Adrenal gland, and D: Pituitary gland, do not produce melatonin. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the adrenal gland produces hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, and the pituitary gland produces various hormones that control other glands in the endocrine system. Therefore, the pineal gland is the correct answer as it is specifically associated with melatonin production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Small intestine. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the food we eat. It has specialized structures called villi that increase the surface area for absorption. The stomach (A) primarily helps in digestion, the large intestine (C) absorbs water and salts, and the esophagus (D) is a tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. Therefore, the small intestine is the correct choice for absorbing nutrients in the digestive system.