Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets adhere to the site to form a plug to stop bleeding. This process is essential for wound healing and preventing excessive blood loss. Platelets do not transport oxygen (A), fight infection (C), or transport nutrients (D). Oxygen is carried by red blood cells, immune cells fight infection, and nutrients are transported by plasma and other blood components.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To transmit signals and coordinate body activities. The nervous system is responsible for sending and receiving signals throughout the body to regulate various functions and coordinate activities. This includes sensory perception, motor responses, and communication between different parts of the body. The other choices are incorrect because the immune system (B) fights infections, the endocrine system (C) produces hormones, and the thermoregulatory system (D) regulates body temperature, which are functions separate from the primary role of the nervous system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To absorb oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. The main function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled. This process is essential for cellular respiration and energy production in the body. Choices A and D are incorrect because nutrient transportation and energy production are primarily carried out by the circulatory and digestive systems. Choice B is incorrect as regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by the integumentary system and thermoregulation mechanisms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To protect internal organs and provide support. The skeletal system consists of bones that serve as the framework of the body, supporting and protecting internal organs. Bones also provide structure for muscles to attach to, enabling movement. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the skeletal system does not produce red blood cells (that's the function of the bone marrow), regulate body temperature (that's the role of the skin and hypothalamus), or store calcium (bones do store calcium, but it's not the main function of the skeletal system).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glomerulus. The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels located within the Bowman's capsule. It is responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products, such as urea and excess ions, to form urine. The other choices, Bowman's capsule, Loop of Henle, and Collecting duct, are all involved in the process of urine formation, but they do not directly filter blood. Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtered fluid, the Loop of Henle reabsorbs water and ions, and the Collecting duct further concentrates urine. Therefore, the glomerulus is specifically responsible for the initial filtration of blood in the kidney.