Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets adhere to the site to form a plug to stop bleeding. This process is essential for wound healing and preventing excessive blood loss. Platelets do not transport oxygen (A), fight infection (C), or transport nutrients (D). Oxygen is carried by red blood cells, immune cells fight infection, and nutrients are transported by plasma and other blood components.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Small intestine. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the food we eat. It has specialized structures called villi that increase the surface area for absorption. The stomach (A) primarily helps in digestion, the large intestine (C) absorbs water and salts, and the esophagus (D) is a tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. Therefore, the small intestine is the correct choice for absorbing nutrients in the digestive system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin D. Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium in the intestines. It helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood, promoting bone health. Vitamin C (A) plays a role in collagen synthesis, not calcium absorption. Vitamin A (C) is important for vision and immune function, not calcium absorption. Vitamin K (D) is crucial for blood clotting, not calcium absorption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Appendix. The appendix is a small organ located near the junction of the small and large intestines. It plays a role in the immune system by harboring beneficial gut bacteria and promoting immune function. The heart (A), bronchi (B), and esophagus (D) are not directly involved in the immune system. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, bronchi are part of the respiratory system, and the esophagus is involved in digestion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys function to filter waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's internal environment and remove harmful substances. Choice B is incorrect because urine is the end product of the kidney's filtration process, not its primary function. Choice C is incorrect because while the kidneys do play a role in regulating blood pressure, it is not their primary function. Choice D is incorrect because the kidneys primarily excrete waste rather than absorb nutrients.