Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys function to filter waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's internal environment and remove harmful substances. Choice B is incorrect because urine is the end product of the kidney's filtration process, not its primary function. Choice C is incorrect because while the kidneys do play a role in regulating blood pressure, it is not their primary function. Choice D is incorrect because the kidneys primarily excrete waste rather than absorb nutrients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pharynx. The pharynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract, specifically connecting the nasal cavity and the larynx. It serves as a passage for air and food. The larynx (A) is also part of the upper respiratory tract, housing the vocal cords. The esophagus (C) is part of the digestive system, not the respiratory tract. The trachea (D) is located below the larynx and is considered part of the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, the pharynx is the correct choice for a structure found in the upper respiratory tract.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pharynx. The pharynx is a structure in the upper respiratory tract that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus. It serves as a passageway for both air and food. The other choices, B: Larynx, C: Trachea, and D: Esophagus, are all structures found in the lower respiratory tract or digestive system. The larynx is commonly known as the voice box, the trachea is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi, and the esophagus is part of the digestive system that connects the throat to the stomach. Therefore, the pharynx is the correct answer as it specifically belongs to the upper respiratory tract.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the digestive system is to break down food through mechanical and chemical processes, and absorb nutrients for the body's energy and growth. This process involves enzymes, acids, and various organs like the stomach and intestines. Option A is incorrect as oxygen transportation is primarily done by the respiratory system. Option C is incorrect as hormone production is mainly regulated by the endocrine system. Option D is incorrect as blood transportation is the role of the circulatory system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heart. The heart is not a component of the central nervous system (CNS) as it is part of the cardiovascular system. The CNS consists of the brain, spinal cord, and retina. The brain controls cognitive functions, the spinal cord transmits nerve signals, and the retina is a part of the visual system. Choice B is incorrect as the heart's function is to pump blood and is not involved in CNS functions.