Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pineal gland. The pineal gland is located in the brain and is responsible for producing melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles. Melatonin is not produced by the thyroid gland (B), pituitary gland (C), or adrenal gland (D). The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the pituitary gland regulates various hormones, and the adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the pineal gland is the correct answer as it specifically produces melatonin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pharynx. The pharynx is a structure in the upper respiratory tract that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus. It serves as a passageway for both air and food. The other choices, B: Larynx, C: Trachea, and D: Esophagus, are all structures found in the lower respiratory tract or digestive system. The larynx is commonly known as the voice box, the trachea is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi, and the esophagus is part of the digestive system that connects the throat to the stomach. Therefore, the pharynx is the correct answer as it specifically belongs to the upper respiratory tract.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To produce bile. The liver's primary function in the digestive system is to produce bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. B is incorrect because the liver does not secrete digestive enzymes; that is primarily the role of the pancreas. C is incorrect as the liver does not store glucose; it helps regulate blood glucose levels. D is incorrect because the liver does not store bile; instead, bile is stored in the gallbladder.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys function to filter waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's internal environment and remove harmful substances. Choice B is incorrect because urine is the end product of the kidney's filtration process, not its primary function. Choice C is incorrect because while the kidneys do play a role in regulating blood pressure, it is not their primary function. Choice D is incorrect because the kidneys primarily excrete waste rather than absorb nutrients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To transport oxygen and nutrients. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. It is responsible for circulating oxygen and nutrients to all cells in the body and removing waste products. Oxygen and nutrients are essential for cell function and energy production. Regulating body temperature is primarily the function of the respiratory system and sweat glands, not the cardiovascular system. Fighting infections is the role of the immune system, not the cardiovascular system.