Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To produce hormones. Adrenal glands are responsible for producing important hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress levels. Choice A is incorrect because blood sugar regulation is primarily controlled by the pancreas. Choice C is incorrect as the production of red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow. Choice D is incorrect as the filtering of blood is mainly carried out by the kidneys.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To protect the body from external damage. The skin acts as a physical barrier, preventing harmful substances from entering the body and protecting internal organs. It also helps regulate body temperature to some extent, but that is not its primary function. The skin does not produce vitamin D; this is mainly done by the liver and kidneys. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, not the skin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To absorb oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. The main function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled. This process is essential for cellular respiration and energy production in the body. Choices A and D are incorrect because nutrient transportation and energy production are primarily carried out by the circulatory and digestive systems. Choice B is incorrect as regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by the integumentary system and thermoregulation mechanisms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glomerulus. The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels located within the Bowman's capsule. It is responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products, such as urea and excess ions, to form urine. The other choices, Bowman's capsule, Loop of Henle, and Collecting duct, are all involved in the process of urine formation, but they do not directly filter blood. Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtered fluid, the Loop of Henle reabsorbs water and ions, and the Collecting duct further concentrates urine. Therefore, the glomerulus is specifically responsible for the initial filtration of blood in the kidney.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To store and concentrate bile. The gallbladder's main role is to store bile produced by the liver and concentrate it, releasing it into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. Bile helps emulsify fats to facilitate their breakdown by enzymes. Choice A is incorrect because the liver produces bile, not the gallbladder. Choice C is incorrect as the breaking down of fats is primarily done by enzymes in the small intestine. Choice D is incorrect as the gallbladder does not secrete digestive enzymes; it stores and releases bile.