Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To produce hormones. Adrenal glands are responsible for producing important hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress levels. Choice A is incorrect because blood sugar regulation is primarily controlled by the pancreas. Choice C is incorrect as the production of red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow. Choice D is incorrect as the filtering of blood is mainly carried out by the kidneys.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glomerulus. The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels located within the Bowman's capsule. It is responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products, such as urea and excess ions, to form urine. The other choices, Bowman's capsule, Loop of Henle, and Collecting duct, are all involved in the process of urine formation, but they do not directly filter blood. Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtered fluid, the Loop of Henle reabsorbs water and ions, and the Collecting duct further concentrates urine. Therefore, the glomerulus is specifically responsible for the initial filtration of blood in the kidney.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Appendix. The appendix is a small organ located near the junction of the small and large intestines. It plays a role in the immune system by harboring beneficial gut bacteria and promoting immune function. The heart (A), bronchi (B), and esophagus (D) are not directly involved in the immune system. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, bronchi are part of the respiratory system, and the esophagus is involved in digestion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption in the intestines by promoting the production of proteins that transport calcium. Without sufficient Vitamin D, the body cannot effectively absorb calcium, leading to potential bone and muscle weakness. Choice A: Vitamin A is not directly involved in calcium absorption. Choice B: Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis and immune function but does not play a significant role in calcium absorption. Choice D: Vitamin K is primarily involved in blood clotting and bone health but does not directly affect calcium absorption.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the integumentary system is to protect the body from external damage. The skin acts as a physical barrier against harmful substances, UV radiation, and pathogens. It also helps regulate body temperature through sweat production and insulation. Vitamin D production occurs in the skin but is not the primary function. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, not in the integumentary system.