Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glomerulus. The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels located within the Bowman's capsule. It is responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products, such as urea and excess ions, to form urine. The other choices, Bowman's capsule, Loop of Henle, and Collecting duct, are all involved in the process of urine formation, but they do not directly filter blood. Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtered fluid, the Loop of Henle reabsorbs water and ions, and the Collecting duct further concentrates urine. Therefore, the glomerulus is specifically responsible for the initial filtration of blood in the kidney.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pineal gland. The pineal gland is located in the brain and is responsible for producing melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles. Melatonin is not produced by the thyroid gland (B), pituitary gland (C), or adrenal gland (D). The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the pituitary gland regulates various hormones, and the adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the pineal gland is the correct answer as it specifically produces melatonin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary role of hemoglobin in red blood cells is to carry oxygen. Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body. This is essential for cellular respiration and energy production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin's main function is oxygen transport, not carrying nutrients, carbon dioxide, or waste products. Oxygen transport is crucial for the body's overall function and survival.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Small intestine. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the food we eat. It has specialized structures called villi that increase the surface area for absorption. The stomach (A) primarily helps in digestion, the large intestine (C) absorbs water and salts, and the esophagus (D) is a tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. Therefore, the small intestine is the correct choice for absorbing nutrients in the digestive system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys function to filter waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's internal environment and remove harmful substances. Choice B is incorrect because urine is the end product of the kidney's filtration process, not its primary function. Choice C is incorrect because while the kidneys do play a role in regulating blood pressure, it is not their primary function. Choice D is incorrect because the kidneys primarily excrete waste rather than absorb nutrients.