Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pharynx. The pharynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract, specifically connecting the nasal cavity and the larynx. It serves as a passage for air and food. The larynx (A) is also part of the upper respiratory tract, housing the vocal cords. The esophagus (C) is part of the digestive system, not the respiratory tract. The trachea (D) is located below the larynx and is considered part of the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, the pharynx is the correct choice for a structure found in the upper respiratory tract.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption in the intestines by promoting the production of proteins that transport calcium. Without sufficient Vitamin D, the body cannot effectively absorb calcium, leading to potential bone and muscle weakness. Choice A: Vitamin A is not directly involved in calcium absorption. Choice B: Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis and immune function but does not play a significant role in calcium absorption. Choice D: Vitamin K is primarily involved in blood clotting and bone health but does not directly affect calcium absorption.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To transport oxygen and nutrients. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. It is responsible for circulating oxygen and nutrients to all cells in the body and removing waste products. Oxygen and nutrients are essential for cell function and energy production. Regulating body temperature is primarily the function of the respiratory system and sweat glands, not the cardiovascular system. Fighting infections is the role of the immune system, not the cardiovascular system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To store and concentrate bile. The gallbladder's main role is to store bile produced by the liver and concentrate it, releasing it into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. Bile helps emulsify fats to facilitate their breakdown by enzymes. Choice A is incorrect because the liver produces bile, not the gallbladder. Choice C is incorrect as the breaking down of fats is primarily done by enzymes in the small intestine. Choice D is incorrect as the gallbladder does not secrete digestive enzymes; it stores and releases bile.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys function to filter waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's internal environment and remove harmful substances. Choice B is incorrect because urine is the end product of the kidney's filtration process, not its primary function. Choice C is incorrect because while the kidneys do play a role in regulating blood pressure, it is not their primary function. Choice D is incorrect because the kidneys primarily excrete waste rather than absorb nutrients.