Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Questions 38

HESI A2

HESI A2 Test Bank

Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Questions

Question 1 of 5

Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pharynx. The pharynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract, specifically connecting the nasal cavity and the larynx. It serves as a passage for air and food. The larynx (A) is also part of the upper respiratory tract, housing the vocal cords. The esophagus (C) is part of the digestive system, not the respiratory tract. The trachea (D) is located below the larynx and is considered part of the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, the pharynx is the correct choice for a structure found in the upper respiratory tract.

Question 2 of 5

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. The heart pumps blood containing oxygen and nutrients to all cells and tissues. This process supports cellular functions and provides energy. Hormone production (A) is mainly regulated by the endocrine system. Fighting infections (C) is primarily the role of the immune system. Regulating body temperature (D) is primarily controlled by the thermoregulatory system. Overall, the circulatory system's main role is the transport of oxygen and nutrients, making choice B the correct answer.

Question 3 of 5

Which gland produces melatonin?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is A: Pineal gland. The pineal gland is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. The other choices, B: Thyroid gland, C: Adrenal gland, and D: Pituitary gland, do not produce melatonin. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the adrenal gland produces hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, and the pituitary gland produces various hormones that control other glands in the endocrine system. Therefore, the pineal gland is the correct answer as it is specifically associated with melatonin production.

Question 4 of 5

What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To store and concentrate bile. The gallbladder's main role is to store bile produced by the liver and concentrate it, releasing it into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. Bile helps emulsify fats to facilitate their breakdown by enzymes. Choice A is incorrect because the liver produces bile, not the gallbladder. Choice C is incorrect as the breaking down of fats is primarily done by enzymes in the small intestine. Choice D is incorrect as the gallbladder does not secrete digestive enzymes; it stores and releases bile.

Question 5 of 5

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The main function of the endocrine system is to regulate body functions through hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target organs and tissues, influencing processes such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Choice A (To fight infections) is incorrect because the immune system is primarily responsible for fighting infections. Choice C (To produce red blood cells) is incorrect as the production of red blood cells is primarily controlled by the hormone erythropoietin, which is produced by the kidneys. Choice D (To transport oxygen) is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen is mainly carried out by the respiratory and circulatory systems, not the endocrine system.

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