Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To absorb oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. The main function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled. This process is essential for cellular respiration and energy production in the body. Choices A and D are incorrect because nutrient transportation and energy production are primarily carried out by the circulatory and digestive systems. Choice B is incorrect as regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by the integumentary system and thermoregulation mechanisms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pharynx. The pharynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract, specifically connecting the nasal cavity and the larynx. It serves as a passage for air and food. The larynx (A) is also part of the upper respiratory tract, housing the vocal cords. The esophagus (C) is part of the digestive system, not the respiratory tract. The trachea (D) is located below the larynx and is considered part of the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, the pharynx is the correct choice for a structure found in the upper respiratory tract.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Appendix. The appendix is a small organ located near the junction of the small and large intestines. It plays a role in the immune system by harboring beneficial gut bacteria and promoting immune function. The heart (A), bronchi (B), and esophagus (D) are not directly involved in the immune system. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, bronchi are part of the respiratory system, and the esophagus is involved in digestion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the integumentary system is to protect the body from external damage. The skin acts as a physical barrier against harmful substances, UV radiation, and pathogens. It also helps regulate body temperature through sweat production and insulation. Vitamin D production occurs in the skin but is not the primary function. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, not in the integumentary system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To exchange gases. Lungs facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the bloodstream and the external environment during respiration. Oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled. This process ensures the body receives oxygen for cellular respiration and removes waste carbon dioxide. Choice A (To filter blood) is incorrect as the lungs do not filter blood; that is the function of the kidneys and liver. Choice C (To produce energy) is incorrect as the lungs do not directly produce energy; energy production occurs at the cellular level. Choice D (To remove waste products) is partially correct, but the primary function of the lungs is gas exchange.