HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To absorb oxygen. The primary function of the respiratory system is to take in oxygen from the air and expel carbon dioxide produced by the body's cells. This process is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is used to create energy in the form of ATP. Choice B is incorrect because the transportation of nutrients is primarily handled by the circulatory system. Choice C is incorrect as the production of sound and speech is primarily controlled by the larynx and vocal cords. Choice D is incorrect because the regulation of blood pressure is primarily controlled by the cardiovascular system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball and socket joint. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint because the rounded head of the femur fits into the cup-shaped acetabulum of the pelvis, allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. This design provides stability and support while enabling movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. A hinge joint (A) allows movement in one plane like the elbow, not the hip. Pivot joint (C) allows rotation around a central axis like the neck, not the hip. Saddle joint (D) allows movement in multiple directions but not as freely as a ball and socket joint.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Insulin. The pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Insulin is crucial in maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Glucagon (choice B) is also produced by the pancreas, but it works in the opposite way to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels. Somatostatin (choice C) is produced by the pancreas and has various functions, including inhibiting the release of insulin and glucagon. Cortisol (choice D) is produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and plays a role in stress response and metabolism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenaline. The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal glands and is responsible for producing adrenaline, also known as epinephrine. Adrenaline is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the body's fight or flight response, increasing heart rate, blood flow to muscles, and overall alertness in response to stress or danger. Insulin (A) is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, cortisol (C) is produced by the adrenal cortex to regulate stress response and metabolism, and melatonin (D) is produced by the pineal gland to regulate sleep-wake cycles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Veins. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have valves to prevent backflow and are thin-walled. Arteries (A) carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Capillaries (B) are tiny vessels where oxygen exchange occurs. Lymphatic vessels (D) transport lymph, not blood.