HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and are responsible for producing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. The other choices, B: Thyroid gland, C: Pineal gland, and D: Pancreas, are not located on top of the kidneys and do not have a direct anatomical connection to the kidneys. The adrenal gland's location and its function in hormone production make it the correct choice for this question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. This organelle contains enzymes needed for the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The other choices, A: Nucleus, B: Ribosome, and D: Golgi apparatus, do not directly participate in energy production. The nucleus houses genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging proteins.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glucagon. When blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas releases glucagon to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, raising blood sugar levels. Insulin (Choice A) is released in response to high blood glucose, promoting glucose uptake by cells. Cortisol (Choice C) and adrenaline (Choice D) are stress hormones and not directly involved in regulating blood glucose levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Veins. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have valves to prevent backflow and are thin-walled. Arteries (A) carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Capillaries (B) are tiny vessels where oxygen exchange occurs. Lymphatic vessels (D) transport lymph, not blood.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and are responsible for producing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. The other choices, B: Thyroid gland, C: Pineal gland, and D: Pancreas, are not located on top of the kidneys and do not have a direct anatomical connection to the kidneys. The adrenal gland's location and its function in hormone production make it the correct choice for this question.