HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and are responsible for producing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. The other choices, B: Thyroid gland, C: Pineal gland, and D: Pancreas, are not located on top of the kidneys and do not have a direct anatomical connection to the kidneys. The adrenal gland's location and its function in hormone production make it the correct choice for this question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To absorb oxygen. The primary function of the respiratory system is to take in oxygen from the air and expel carbon dioxide produced by the body's cells. This process is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is used to create energy in the form of ATP. Choice B is incorrect because the transportation of nutrients is primarily handled by the circulatory system. Choice C is incorrect as the production of sound and speech is primarily controlled by the larynx and vocal cords. Choice D is incorrect because the regulation of blood pressure is primarily controlled by the cardiovascular system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hippocampus. The hippocampus is involved in memory formation as it plays a crucial role in the consolidation of short-term memory into long-term memory. It also helps in spatial navigation and declarative memory. The amygdala (choice B) is associated with emotions and emotional memories, not memory formation. The cerebellum (choice C) is primarily responsible for motor coordination, not memory. The medulla oblongata (choice D) is involved in vital autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, not memory.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature through its control over thermoregulation processes. It receives input from temperature receptors in the body and initiates responses to maintain a stable internal temperature. The other choices are incorrect because the cerebellum is primarily responsible for coordination and balance, the medulla oblongata controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate, and the pineal gland regulates sleep-wake cycles through the secretion of melatonin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball and socket joint. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint because the rounded head of the femur fits into the cup-shaped acetabulum of the pelvis, allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. This design provides stability and support while enabling movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. A hinge joint (A) allows movement in one plane like the elbow, not the hip. Pivot joint (C) allows rotation around a central axis like the neck, not the hip. Saddle joint (D) allows movement in multiple directions but not as freely as a ball and socket joint.