HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and are responsible for producing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. The other choices, B: Thyroid gland, C: Pineal gland, and D: Pancreas, are not located on top of the kidneys and do not have a direct anatomical connection to the kidneys. The adrenal gland's location and its function in hormone production make it the correct choice for this question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glucagon. When blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas releases glucagon to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, raising blood sugar levels. Insulin (Choice A) is released in response to high blood glucose, promoting glucose uptake by cells. Cortisol (Choice C) and adrenaline (Choice D) are stress hormones and not directly involved in regulating blood glucose levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To fight infection. White blood cells are part of the immune system and play a crucial role in defending the body against infections by attacking and destroying pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders. They are key players in the immune response. A: White blood cells do not carry oxygen to the cells. That is the role of red blood cells. C: White blood cells do not transport nutrients. Nutrients are transported by the bloodstream and absorbed by various organs. D: White blood cells are not responsible for clotting blood. Platelets are primarily responsible for blood clotting.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is responsible for releasing thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The hypothalamus regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, making it a crucial part of the endocrine system. The thymus (A) is involved in immune function, the pituitary gland (B) releases hormones but does not release these specific hormones, and the pineal gland (C) primarily secretes melatonin and regulates sleep-wake cycles, not the hormones mentioned in the question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lens. The lens is responsible for focusing light onto the retina by adjusting its shape to bend the light rays. The cornea (A) primarily helps in refracting light, while the pupil (C) and iris (D) are involved in regulating the amount of light entering the eye, not in focusing light onto the retina. Therefore, the lens is the correct choice as it plays a crucial role in the process of focusing light onto the retina.