Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pinna. The pinna, also known as the auricle, is the most visible part of the ear. It is the external, cartilaginous structure that helps collect and funnel sound waves into the ear canal. The ear canal, choice A, is not the most visible part as it is mostly within the ear. The cochlea, choice B, and the organ of Corti, choice C, are internal structures within the ear responsible for processing sound signals, but they are not visible from the outside. Therefore, the pinna is the correct answer as it is the visible part of the ear that is easily recognizable on the exterior.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glomerulus. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries located within the Bowman's capsule in the nephron. It filters blood to form urine by allowing small molecules like water, ions, and waste products to pass through while retaining larger molecules like proteins and blood cells. The other choices, A (Nephron), C (Bowman's capsule), and D (Loop of Henle) are all parts of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. While the nephron as a whole is responsible for urine formation, the specific structure that filters blood to form urine is the glomerulus within the Bowman's capsule.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Endocrine glands secrete chemicals into the blood. This is because endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various physiological functions throughout the body. Other choices are incorrect: A is incorrect as endocrine glands do not absorb chemicals from the blood; C is incorrect because endocrine glands do not filter chemicals from the blood; and D is incorrect as endocrine glands do not absorb chemicals from the lymphatic system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Larynx. The larynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory system, located above the trachea and alongside the pharynx. It houses the vocal cords and plays a vital role in phonation and protecting the lower respiratory tract. The other choices are incorrect: B: Trachea is located below the larynx, C: Pharynx is the structure alongside the larynx, not within it, and D: Bronchi are part of the lower respiratory system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, serving as a protective barrier. It consists of several layers of cells, including keratinocytes which provide waterproofing and protection. The dermis (choice A) is the layer beneath the epidermis, providing structural support. Subcutaneous tissue (choice C) and hypodermis (choice D) are the deepest layers of the skin, mainly composed of fat cells and connective tissue, playing a role in insulation and cushioning. Therefore, the epidermis is the correct choice as it directly interacts with the external environment and is responsible for protecting the body.