HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cardiovascular system. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Arteries play a crucial role in this system by facilitating the circulation of blood. Explanation for incorrect choices: A: Nervous system - Arteries are not a part of the nervous system, which primarily consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. B: Endocrine system - Arteries are not directly involved in the endocrine system, which is responsible for hormone production and regulation. C: Lymphatic system - Arteries are not part of the lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and lymph fluid.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, blood can flow between the heart and the rest of the body. The pulmonary valve allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs, while the aortic valve allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. Therefore, when both valves are open, blood is being pumped out of the heart to circulate throughout the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not describe the specific pathway of blood flow when the pulmonary and aortic valves are open.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: right atrium. The vena cavae are large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. They empty into the right atrium, which is the receiving chamber for deoxygenated blood. The blood then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle for pumping to the lungs for oxygenation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the vena cavae do not empty into the ventricles; they empty into the atria. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it accurately reflects the anatomical pathway of blood flow from the vena cavae back to the heart.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood occurs. This is where oxygen is taken up by the blood and carbon dioxide is released into the air. Pleura (A) is the membrane surrounding the lungs, trachea (B) is the windpipe, and bronchioles (C) are smaller airways within the lungs that lead to the alveoli but do not participate directly in gas exchange. Therefore, the alveoli are the site where nearly all gaseous exchanges between air and blood take place in the lungs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Approximately 30. The human skull is composed of 22 bones, including 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones. These bones together form the structure of the skull. Choice A (Approximately 5) is incorrect as the skull consists of more than 5 bones. Choice C (Approximately 60) and Choice D (Approximately 210) are incorrect as they greatly overestimate the actual number of bones in the human skull. The correct answer, B, aligns with the anatomical knowledge of the human skull structure.