HESI Pharmacology Practice Exam

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic that can lead to orthostatic hypotension, causing dizziness. Instructing the client to change positions slowly can help prevent this adverse effect. It is important for the client to consume foods rich in potassium to prevent hypokalemia. Taking furosemide in the morning helps reduce the need for frequent urination at night. Encouraging the client to maintain an adequate fluid intake is crucial to prevent dehydration while on this medication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Metoclopramide, also known as Reglan, is commonly used to manage vomiting following cancer chemotherapy. It acts as a gastrointestinal stimulant and antiemetic, aiding in relieving nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. Metoclopramide should be avoided in conditions like intestinal obstruction, peptic ulcer with melena, and diverticulitis with perforation due to its prokinetic properties that can worsen these conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Vomiting following cancer chemotherapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) should not be administered to clients with urinary strictures as it can contract the bladder and increase pressure within the urinary tract. In individuals with urinary strictures, this elevated pressure may lead to bladder rupture. Therefore, caution is advised when considering the use of Bethanechol chloride in clients with urinary strictures to prevent potential complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nalidixic acid can intensify the effects of oral anticoagulants by displacing these agents from binding sites on plasma proteins. When an oral anticoagulant, like warfarin sodium (Coumadin), is combined with nalidixic acid, a decrease in the anticoagulant dosage may be necessary to avoid excessive anticoagulation and potential bleeding risks.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lansoprazole is a gastric acid pump inhibitor commonly used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by reducing stomach acid. Heartburn is a key symptom of GERD, so asking about heartburn can help assess the effectiveness of lansoprazole in managing acid reflux symptoms.