HESI Pediatric Practice Exam

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the child is hyperventilating, which leads to excessive loss of carbon dioxide. This loss of carbon dioxide causes respiratory alkalosis due to a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is respiratory alkalosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a 7-year-old child with an acute asthma exacerbation showing signs of wheezing and increased work of breathing, the priority intervention for the nurse is to administer a nebulized bronchodilator immediately. Bronchodilators help dilate the airways, relieve bronchospasm, and improve breathing, which is crucial in managing an acute asthma attack and preventing further respiratory distress.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The best response for the nurse in this situation is to help the child understand that the separation is temporary. Waving bye-bye to mommy can be reassuring to the child and make the separation process easier. It acknowledges the child's feelings while providing a positive and comforting interaction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a child with asthma presents with shortness of breath and wheezing, and the peak flow reading is in the red zone, indicating severe airflow limitation, the priority intervention is to administer a bronchodilator. Bronchodilators help dilate the airways quickly, improving airflow and assisting with breathing. Reassessing the peak flow reading, notifying the healthcare provider, and providing oxygen therapy may be necessary actions but administering a bronchodilator takes precedence in managing acute asthma exacerbation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the child is hyperventilating, which leads to excessive loss of carbon dioxide. This loss of carbon dioxide causes respiratory alkalosis due to a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is respiratory alkalosis.