HESI Pediatric Practice Exam

Questions 55

HESI RN

HESI RN Test Bank

HESI Pediatric Practice Exam Questions

Question 1 of 5

A child who is admitted to the hospital with anemia is anxious, fearful, and hyperventilating. The nurse anticipates the child developing which acid-base imbalance?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the child is hyperventilating, which leads to excessive loss of carbon dioxide. This loss of carbon dioxide causes respiratory alkalosis due to a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is respiratory alkalosis.

Question 2 of 5

A 7-year-old child with a history of asthma is brought to the emergency department with an acute asthma exacerbation. The child is wheezing and using accessory muscles to breathe. What is the nurse's priority intervention?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a 7-year-old child with an acute asthma exacerbation showing signs of wheezing and increased work of breathing, the priority intervention for the nurse is to administer a nebulized bronchodilator immediately. Bronchodilators help dilate the airways, relieve bronchospasm, and improve breathing, which is crucial in managing an acute asthma attack and preventing further respiratory distress.

Question 3 of 5

A 3-year-old with HIV infection is staying with a foster family who is caring for 3 other foster children in their home. When one of the children acquires pertussis, the foster mother calls the clinic and asks the nurse what she should do. Which action should the nurse take first?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The priority action for the nurse is to review the immunization documentation of the child with HIV to ensure they have received the necessary vaccines. This step is crucial in protecting the child's health and preventing further complications from vaccine-preventable diseases like pertussis. It is important to verify the child's immunization status before considering other interventions.

Question 4 of 5

A 4-month-old girl is brought to the clinic by her mother because she has had a cold for 2 or 3 days and woke up this morning with a hacking cough and difficulty breathing. Which additional assessment finding should alert the nurse that the child is in acute respiratory distress?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Flaring of the nares is a classic sign of acute respiratory distress in infants. It indicates increased work of breathing and is a visible cue that the child is struggling to breathe. This finding should alert healthcare providers to the severity of the respiratory distress and the need for prompt intervention to support the child's breathing.

Question 5 of 5

When teaching parents of a 5-year-old child with sickle cell anemia about pain management, what information should be included?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Administering prescribed pain medication at the first sign of pain is crucial in managing sickle cell anemia-related pain effectively. Prompt administration helps prevent the pain from escalating and becoming severe, enhancing the child's comfort and quality of life. Cold compresses, rest, and diet modifications may play supportive roles but are not as directly impactful in addressing acute pain episodes associated with sickle cell anemia.

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