Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin D. Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium in the intestines. It helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood, promoting bone health. Vitamin C (A) plays a role in collagen synthesis, not calcium absorption. Vitamin A (C) is important for vision and immune function, not calcium absorption. Vitamin K (D) is crucial for blood clotting, not calcium absorption.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pineal gland. The pineal gland is located in the brain and is responsible for producing melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles. Melatonin is not produced by the thyroid gland (B), pituitary gland (C), or adrenal gland (D). The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the pituitary gland regulates various hormones, and the adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the pineal gland is the correct answer as it specifically produces melatonin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary role of hemoglobin in red blood cells is to carry oxygen. Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body. This is essential for cellular respiration and energy production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin's main function is oxygen transport, not carrying nutrients, carbon dioxide, or waste products. Oxygen transport is crucial for the body's overall function and survival.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To produce hormones. Adrenal glands are responsible for producing important hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress levels. Choice A is incorrect because blood sugar regulation is primarily controlled by the pancreas. Choice C is incorrect as the production of red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow. Choice D is incorrect as the filtering of blood is mainly carried out by the kidneys.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pharynx. The pharynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract, specifically connecting the nasal cavity and the larynx. It serves as a passage for air and food. The larynx (A) is also part of the upper respiratory tract, housing the vocal cords. The esophagus (C) is part of the digestive system, not the respiratory tract. The trachea (D) is located below the larynx and is considered part of the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, the pharynx is the correct choice for a structure found in the upper respiratory tract.