HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The gall bladder belongs to the digestive system. It stores bile produced by the liver, which aids in the digestion of fats in the small intestine. The endocrine system (A) regulates hormones, the urinary system (B) filters and eliminates waste, and the nervous system (D) controls body functions through nerve signals. The gall bladder's primary function of storing bile for digestion aligns with its classification within the digestive system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lactase. Lactase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose. This process is essential for individuals to digest lactose found in milk and dairy products. Catalase (A) breaks down hydrogen peroxide, Lipase (B) breaks down fats, and Protease (C) breaks down proteins, none of which are involved in lactose digestion. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it specifically targets lactose breakdown.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: TRH. The pituitary gland does not produce thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); it is actually produced by the hypothalamus. This hormone regulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. Choices A, C, and D (FSH, LH, and ADH) are all hormones produced by the pituitary gland, making them incorrect options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The gall bladder belongs to the digestive system. It stores bile produced by the liver, which aids in the digestion of fats in the small intestine. The endocrine system (A) regulates hormones, the urinary system (B) filters and eliminates waste, and the nervous system (D) controls body functions through nerve signals. The gall bladder's primary function of storing bile for digestion aligns with its classification within the digestive system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because during periods of rapid growth, such as adolescence, young people may experience a growth spurt where they grow taller faster than they gain weight. This can result in them being underweight despite eating enough calories. Choice B is incorrect as protein, fat, and sugar intake alone do not necessarily cause underweight conditions. Choice C is incorrect because eating several meals a day without balancing caloric intake with energy expenditure is unlikely to result in being underweight. Choice D is incorrect as long as the young person is consuming enough calories overall, the specific food groups in each meal are less relevant to weight status.