HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The gall bladder belongs to the digestive system. It stores bile produced by the liver, which aids in the digestion of fats in the small intestine. The endocrine system (A) regulates hormones, the urinary system (B) filters and eliminates waste, and the nervous system (D) controls body functions through nerve signals. The gall bladder's primary function of storing bile for digestion aligns with its classification within the digestive system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nervous system. The nervous system is primarily responsible for integrating voluntary movements as it consists of the brain and spinal cord, which control voluntary actions through the transmission of electrical signals to muscles. The cardiovascular system (A), digestive system (B), and respiratory system (C) are not directly involved in controlling voluntary movements, making them incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the urinary system. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating electrolytes by filtering blood and excreting excess electrolytes into urine. This process helps maintain proper balance of electrolytes in the body. The endocrine system (A) primarily regulates hormones, not electrolytes. The lymphatic system (C) is responsible for immune function and fluid balance, not electrolyte regulation. The nervous system (D) controls communication between different parts of the body, but does not directly regulate electrolytes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: TRH. The pituitary gland does not produce thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); it is actually produced by the hypothalamus. This hormone regulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. Choices A, C, and D (FSH, LH, and ADH) are all hormones produced by the pituitary gland, making them incorrect options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen is taken in from the air into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is released from the bloodstream into the air in the alveoli. Trachea (A) is the windpipe that carries air to the lungs, bronchioles (B) are smaller airways that branch off from the bronchi, and larynx (D) is the voice box. These structures are important for breathing but not directly involved in gas exchange. Hence, the alveoli are the correct choice for gas exchange in the respiratory system.