HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lactase. Lactase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose. This process is essential for individuals to digest lactose found in milk and dairy products. Catalase (A) breaks down hydrogen peroxide, Lipase (B) breaks down fats, and Protease (C) breaks down proteins, none of which are involved in lactose digestion. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it specifically targets lactose breakdown.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because during periods of rapid growth, such as adolescence, young people may experience a growth spurt where they grow taller faster than they gain weight. This can result in them being underweight despite eating enough calories. Choice B is incorrect as protein, fat, and sugar intake alone do not necessarily cause underweight conditions. Choice C is incorrect because eating several meals a day without balancing caloric intake with energy expenditure is unlikely to result in being underweight. Choice D is incorrect as long as the young person is consuming enough calories overall, the specific food groups in each meal are less relevant to weight status.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The nose. The nose is an anterior feature of the human head as it is located at the front of the face. The nose plays a crucial role in breathing and smelling. B: The ears are located on the sides of the head, not at the front, making it an incorrect choice. C: The occipital lobe is a part of the brain located at the back of the head, not the front, making it an incorrect choice. D: The temporal lobe is also a part of the brain located on the sides of the head, not the front, making it an incorrect choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Transverse. A transverse plane, also known as a horizontal plane, divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions. This plane would be used to separate the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity because it runs horizontally across the body at the level of the diaphragm, which separates these two cavities. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Sagittal plane divides the body into left and right portions. C: Frontal plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions. D: Coronal plane is not a recognized anatomical term and is often used interchangeably with frontal plane.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Production of antibodies. Nonspecific immune responses are immediate and do not target specific pathogens. Antibodies are produced by the specific immune system in response to a particular pathogen. Inflammation, vasodilation, and release of histamine are examples of nonspecific immune responses that occur rapidly to defend against a wide range of pathogens. Antibodies are produced by B cells in response to specific antigens and are part of the adaptive immune response.