HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Transverse. A transverse plane, also known as a horizontal plane, divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions. This plane would be used to separate the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity because it runs horizontally across the body at the level of the diaphragm, which separates these two cavities. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Sagittal plane divides the body into left and right portions. C: Frontal plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions. D: Coronal plane is not a recognized anatomical term and is often used interchangeably with frontal plane.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: superior. The skull is positioned superior to the spinal cord because it is located above the spinal cord in the anatomical position. Superior indicates a structure is positioned higher in the body. The skull is superior to the spinal cord as it sits on top of the vertebral column. A: anterior is incorrect as the skull is not located in front of the spinal cord. B: posterior is incorrect as the skull is not located behind the spinal cord. C: lateral is incorrect as the skull is not situated to the side of the spinal cord.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, ensuring proper nourishment and functioning of the heart. This is vital for maintaining cardiac health. Explanation: 1. The coronary artery is responsible for delivering blood to the heart muscle specifically. 2. The heart muscle needs a rich blood supply to function optimally. 3. If the coronary artery fails to supply blood to the heart muscle, it can lead to serious conditions like heart attacks. 4. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the specific function of the coronary artery in supplying blood to the heart muscle.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Scurvy. Vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy due to its role in collagen synthesis. Without enough vitamin C, collagen production is disrupted, leading to symptoms like gum disease, easy bruising, and poor wound healing. Kwashiorkor (A) is caused by severe protein deficiency. Pellagra (B) results from niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency. Rickets (C) is caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to weak or soft bones. In summary, scurvy is the correct answer due to the specific symptoms associated with vitamin C deficiency, while the other choices are related to deficiencies of different nutrients and have distinct clinical presentations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Production of antibodies. Nonspecific immune responses are immediate and do not target specific pathogens. Antibodies are produced by the specific immune system in response to a particular pathogen. Inflammation, vasodilation, and release of histamine are examples of nonspecific immune responses that occur rapidly to defend against a wide range of pathogens. Antibodies are produced by B cells in response to specific antigens and are part of the adaptive immune response.