HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amygdala. The amygdala is a key structure in the brain responsible for processing emotions and forming emotional memories. It plays a crucial role in fear responses, emotional regulation, and memory consolidation. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Cerebrum is responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking, decision-making, and voluntary movements. B: Cerebellum is primarily involved in motor coordination and balance. D: Brainstem controls basic functions like breathing, heart rate, and consciousness levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and are responsible for producing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. The other choices, B: Thyroid gland, C: Pineal gland, and D: Pancreas, are not located on top of the kidneys and do not have a direct anatomical connection to the kidneys. The adrenal gland's location and its function in hormone production make it the correct choice for this question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, to break down food and absorb nutrients. The digestive system is responsible for the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. This process allows the body to obtain essential nutrients for energy, growth, and repair. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because regulating body temperature is the function of the thermoregulatory system, transporting nutrients is mainly done by the circulatory system, and hormone production is primarily carried out by the endocrine system, not the digestive system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature through its control over thermoregulation processes. It receives input from temperature receptors in the body and initiates responses to maintain a stable internal temperature. The other choices are incorrect because the cerebellum is primarily responsible for coordination and balance, the medulla oblongata controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate, and the pineal gland regulates sleep-wake cycles through the secretion of melatonin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To absorb oxygen. The primary function of the respiratory system is to take in oxygen from the air and expel carbon dioxide produced by the body's cells. This process is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is used to create energy in the form of ATP. Choice B is incorrect because the transportation of nutrients is primarily handled by the circulatory system. Choice C is incorrect as the production of sound and speech is primarily controlled by the larynx and vocal cords. Choice D is incorrect because the regulation of blood pressure is primarily controlled by the cardiovascular system.