HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Arteries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart due to the contraction of the heart's left ventricle, which pumps blood to the rest of the body. Arteries have thick, muscular walls to withstand the high pressure generated by the heart. Veins (A) carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, capillaries (C) facilitate exchange of gases and nutrients, and lymphatic vessels (D) transport lymph fluid, not blood.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for energy production through the process of cellular respiration. They produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell. The other choices are incorrect because the nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins. Therefore, only the mitochondria play a direct role in energy production within the cell.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin K. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting as it helps in the production of proteins necessary for the clotting process. Deficiency in Vitamin K can lead to excessive bleeding. A: Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, not blood clotting. C: Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis and immune function, not blood clotting. D: Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone health, not blood clotting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hippocampus. The hippocampus is involved in memory formation as it plays a crucial role in the consolidation of short-term memory into long-term memory. It also helps in spatial navigation and declarative memory. The amygdala (choice B) is associated with emotions and emotional memories, not memory formation. The cerebellum (choice C) is primarily responsible for motor coordination, not memory. The medulla oblongata (choice D) is involved in vital autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, not memory.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body's tissues. Plasma is the liquid component of blood and does not directly carry oxygen. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, not oxygen transport. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and are the primary carriers of oxygen, making them indirectly responsible for carrying oxygen. However, the specific structure responsible for carrying oxygen is hemoglobin within red blood cells.