HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for transport within the cell or secretion outside the cell. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, not packaging or distribution. Endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and folding. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production through cellular respiration, not protein packaging or distribution.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To fight infections. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's immune response by filtering and trapping pathogens, producing white blood cells, and transporting immune cells to areas of infection. This function helps the body defend against harmful bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. The other choices are incorrect because: A: To transport oxygen - This is the function of the circulatory system, specifically the red blood cells carrying oxygen to tissues. B: To produce hormones - Hormone production is primarily carried out by the endocrine system, not the lymphatic system. D: To transport nutrients - Nutrient transportation is mainly handled by the digestive system through the bloodstream, not the lymphatic system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To absorb water. The primary role of the large intestine is to absorb water from the undigested food material that passes through it. This ensures that the body maintains proper hydration and regulates the consistency of stool. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The small intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients, not the large intestine. C: The breakdown of food mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, not the large intestine. D: Digestive enzymes are primarily secreted by the pancreas and small intestine, not the large intestine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Larynx. The larynx is a structure located in the respiratory system responsible for producing sound, protecting the airway during swallowing, and containing the vocal cords. Rationale: 1. The larynx is commonly known as the voice box and is essential for phonation. 2. It connects the pharynx to the trachea, allowing air to pass through the vocal cords. 3. The trachea (Choice B) is also part of the respiratory system, but it is not the structure specifically responsible for sound production. 4. The pharynx (Choice C) is a shared structure with the digestive system and not exclusively part of the respiratory system. 5. The esophagus (Choice D) is part of the digestive system and not part of the respiratory system. In summary, the larynx is the correct answer as it is a vital structure in the respiratory system for breathing and sound production, while the other choices are

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyoid. The hyoid bone is unique as it does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body, making it a free-floating bone. It serves important functions in supporting the tongue and aiding in swallowing. A: Scapula articulates with the clavicle and humerus. C: Radius articulates with the ulna, humerus, and carpal bones. D: Femur articulates with the hip bone and tibia. Therefore, the hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that does not directly articulate with another bone.