HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Answer C is correct because anatomically, the hip is closer to the body's midline than the knee. Proximal refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or origin, which in this case is the body. The hip joint connects the thigh bone to the pelvis, and it is closer to the body's midline compared to the knee joint, which is further down the leg. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: The knee is actually proximal to the ankle. Distal means further away from the point of attachment or origin, so the ankle is distal to the knee. B: The heart is superior to the diaphragm. The heart is located above the diaphragm in the thoracic cavity. D: The wrist is distal to the elbow. The wrist is further away from the point of attachment (the body) compared to the elbow.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cardiovascular system. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Arteries play a crucial role in this system by facilitating the circulation of blood. Explanation for incorrect choices: A: Nervous system - Arteries are not a part of the nervous system, which primarily consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. B: Endocrine system - Arteries are not directly involved in the endocrine system, which is responsible for hormone production and regulation. C: Lymphatic system - Arteries are not part of the lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and lymph fluid.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occipital lobe. This part of the brain is located at the most posterior position, towards the back of the head. It primarily processes visual information. The frontal lobe (A) is at the front of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions. The parietal lobe (B) is located towards the top of the brain, involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe (C) is situated on the sides of the brain, associated with auditory processing and memory. Thus, the occipital lobe is the most posterior part of the brain, making it the correct answer in this case.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: lymphatic system. The spleen is a key organ in the lymphatic system, responsible for filtering blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells, and producing white blood cells. It plays a crucial role in the immune system. Incorrect choices: A: nervous system - The spleen is not part of the nervous system; it is not involved in transmitting nerve impulses. B: integumentary system - The spleen is not part of the integumentary system, which includes skin, hair, and nails. D: urinary system - The spleen is not part of the urinary system, which includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the lateral side of the knee is the side farthest from the left knee. To determine this, visualize the body in anatomical position and observe that the right side is the outer side of the knee joint, making it the lateral side. The kneecap (A) is the patella, located at the front of the knee, not the lateral side. Being closest to the left knee (B) is inaccurate as the lateral side is actually on the opposite side. On the underside of the knee (D) refers to the posterior aspect, not the lateral side.