HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Answer C is correct because anatomically, the hip is closer to the body's midline than the knee. Proximal refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or origin, which in this case is the body. The hip joint connects the thigh bone to the pelvis, and it is closer to the body's midline compared to the knee joint, which is further down the leg. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: The knee is actually proximal to the ankle. Distal means further away from the point of attachment or origin, so the ankle is distal to the knee. B: The heart is superior to the diaphragm. The heart is located above the diaphragm in the thoracic cavity. D: The wrist is distal to the elbow. The wrist is further away from the point of attachment (the body) compared to the elbow.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Exocytosis is the process where the cell releases substances outside by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane. This is the correct answer as it accurately describes the mechanism of exocytosis. The other choices are incorrect because: A. Describes endocytosis, not exocytosis. C. Describes pinocytosis, not exocytosis. D. Describes phagocytosis, not exocytosis. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it specifically relates to the process of exocytosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inflammation. Inflammation is a secondary defense mechanism that occurs when tissues are injured, triggering a response to remove harmful stimuli and promote healing. It involves increased blood flow, white blood cell migration, and release of cytokines. Tears (A) and mucus (D) are primary defenses that help prevent pathogens from entering the body. Urine (B) is not a defense mechanism but rather a waste product excreted by the kidneys. In summary, inflammation plays a crucial role in fighting pathogens by mobilizing the immune system, making it the correct secondary defense mechanism choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Into upper and lower regions. A transverse section divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions. This is known as the transverse plane, which runs perpendicular to the long axis of the body. It separates the body into distinct upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections. Choice A is incorrect because dividing the body into right and left regions is typically done through a sagittal section. Choice C is incorrect as dividing the body into front and back regions is achieved through a frontal or coronal section. Choice D is incorrect because the dorsal and ventral cavities are divided by a midsagittal section, not a transverse section.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cardiovascular system. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Arteries play a crucial role in this system by facilitating the circulation of blood. Explanation for incorrect choices: A: Nervous system - Arteries are not a part of the nervous system, which primarily consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. B: Endocrine system - Arteries are not directly involved in the endocrine system, which is responsible for hormone production and regulation. C: Lymphatic system - Arteries are not part of the lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and lymph fluid.