Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because calcium and phosphorus are essential nutrients for bone health. Calcium is a major component of bone structure, while phosphorus helps in bone mineralization. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption, but does not directly contribute to bone structure. Iron and zinc are important for other bodily functions, not specifically bone health. Magnesium and sodium are not as directly related to bone health as calcium and phosphorus. In summary, calcium and phosphorus directly support bone health, making them the crucial nutrients in this context.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D (Parathyroid) is correct: 1. Parathyroid glands are not directly involved in the stress response. 2. When under stress, hypothalamus triggers the release of hormones from posterior pituitary and adrenal cortex. 3. Parathyroid regulates calcium levels, not stress hormones. 4. Choices A, B, and C are all directly involved in the stress response. In summary, the parathyroid gland is not a part of the stress response system, unlike the posterior pituitary, hypothalamus, and adrenal cortex.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nucleus. The nucleus contains the genetic material in the form of DNA, which carries the instructions for the cell's functions. The DNA is organized into chromosomes within the nucleus. Ribosomes (A) are involved in protein synthesis but do not contain genetic material. Mitochondria (C) have their own DNA but do not house the majority of the cell's genetic material. Endoplasmic reticulum (D) is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism but does not contain genetic material. The nucleus is the control center of the cell, housing the genetic information essential for cell function and replication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin A. Step 1: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy skin as it promotes cell growth and repair. Step 2: Vitamin A is crucial for vision as it is a component of rhodopsin, a protein in the retina. Step 3: Vitamin C (choice A) is important for immune function and collagen production, not specifically skin or vision. Vitamin D (choice C) is essential for bone health, not skin or vision. Vitamin K (choice D) is important for blood clotting, not skin or vision.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because calcium and phosphorus are essential nutrients for bone health. Calcium is a major component of bone structure, while phosphorus helps in bone mineralization. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption, but does not directly contribute to bone structure. Iron and zinc are important for other bodily functions, not specifically bone health. Magnesium and sodium are not as directly related to bone health as calcium and phosphorus. In summary, calcium and phosphorus directly support bone health, making them the crucial nutrients in this context.