Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Traumatic injury to ligaments. In a whiplash injury, the sudden back-and-forth motion can cause damage to the ligaments supporting the neck. This is a common finding due to the rapid acceleration-deceleration forces involved in whiplash. Cardiopulmonary issues (A) are not typically associated with whiplash. Side-to-side spinal curvature (B) is not a common finding in whiplash injuries. Eventual herniation of discs (C) may occur in some cases but is not a common immediate finding in whiplash injuries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quadriceps femoris. The quadriceps femoris is an anterior muscle of the thigh responsible for extending the knee joint. It consists of four muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These muscles are located in the front of the thigh and play a crucial role in activities like walking, running, and jumping. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Gluteus maximus is a large muscle located in the buttocks, not the anterior thigh. C: Biceps femoris is a muscle located in the posterior thigh, not the anterior thigh. D: Adductor magnus is a muscle located on the inner thigh, not the anterior thigh.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: peristalsis. Peristalsis is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food along the digestive tract. This process helps move food from the esophagus to the stomach, then through the intestines for digestion and absorption. Defecation (A) is the elimination of waste, not the movement of food. Osmosis (B) is the movement of water across membranes, not the movement of food. Circulation (D) refers to the movement of blood, not food in the digestive system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the lymphatic system works with the circulatory system by drawing excess fluid from the cells and depositing it into the blood vessels. This process helps maintain fluid balance in the body. Lymphatic vessels collect the excess fluid, known as lymph, and transport it back to the bloodstream. This collaboration ensures that the body's tissues are not overloaded with fluid and helps with immune function. Choice A is incorrect because the circulatory system is responsible for producing red blood cells in the bone marrow, not the lymphatic system. Choice C is incorrect because the heart does not regulate the production of lymph; lymph is produced in lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and the spleen. Choice D is incorrect because white blood cells from the lymphatic system play a role in the immune response, not in eliminating excess red blood cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (72 beats per minute and 120 over 80 mm Hg). Normal pulse rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute, and normal blood pressure is around 120/80 mm Hg. A: 55 beats per minute and 75 over 60 mm Hg are lower than normal. C: 100 beats per minute and 140 over 100 mm Hg indicate high pulse rate and hypertension. D: 160 beats per minute and 100 over 70 mm Hg show a high pulse rate and lower than normal blood pressure.