HESI Pharmacology Practice Exam

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) is an opioid analgesic that can cause various side effects. Common side effects include respiratory depression, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, drowsiness, constipation, and urinary retention. Therefore, the nurse should monitor for urinary retention as a potential side effect of Meperidine hydrochloride.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to apply the nitroglycerin (Nitro-Dur) transdermal patch at the same time each day to ensure consistent blood levels. It is essential to apply the patch to a hairless area of the skin for proper absorption. The patch can generally be left on during a shower. The patch is usually worn for 12-14 hours to allow for a nitrate-free period, which helps reduce tolerance to the medication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to report a pulse rate less than 60 beats per minute, as it could indicate digoxin toxicity. Consuming potassium-rich foods is encouraged due to the potential for furosemide (Lasix) to cause hypokalemia. The medications should be taken in the morning to prevent nocturia. Additionally, the client should weigh themselves daily to monitor for fluid retention, which is crucial in managing heart failure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Metoclopramide, also known as Reglan, is commonly used to manage vomiting following cancer chemotherapy. It acts as a gastrointestinal stimulant and antiemetic, aiding in relieving nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. Metoclopramide should be avoided in conditions like intestinal obstruction, peptic ulcer with melena, and diverticulitis with perforation due to its prokinetic properties that can worsen these conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Vomiting following cancer chemotherapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun to allow them to penetrate the skin and provide optimal protection. Applying sunscreen in advance ensures it has enough time to be absorbed and offer the intended protection. It is important to reapply sunscreen after swimming or sweating to maintain its effectiveness.