HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial tissue. This is because the characteristics described match those of epithelial tissue, which lines surfaces and cavities in the body. The location on the internal surface of the stomach and the tall, thin cells indicate epithelial tissue. The absence of extracellular matrix and blood vessels also align with epithelial tissue characteristics. Connective tissue has extracellular matrix, cartilage is a specialized type of connective tissue, and nervous tissue contains nerve cells and supportive cells, which do not fit the given characteristics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the integumentary system. This system includes the skin, which acts as a barrier to prevent water loss through a process called transpiration. The skin contains specialized cells and structures that help regulate water loss and maintain hydration levels. The nervous system (A) is responsible for transmitting signals but not for preventing water loss. The lymphatic system (C) is involved in immune response and fluid balance, not specifically focused on preventing water loss. The urinary system (D) is responsible for filtering waste from the blood and producing urine, but its main function is not to prevent water loss.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the intercostal muscles assist with respiration by enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax during inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, these muscles contract to lift the ribcage, expanding the thoracic cavity to allow the lungs to fill with air. During exhalation, they relax to decrease the thoracic cavity size, helping to expel air from the lungs. Choice A is incorrect because the intercostal muscles do not directly protect the delicate bronchioles and alveoli. Choice B is incorrect as these muscles do not signal a decrease in intra-alveolar pressure. Choice D is incorrect because the primary function of the intercostal muscles is not to maintain a medial separation between pleurae.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diaphysis. The diaphysis refers to the middle region of a long bone, such as the humerus. In this case, the orthopedic surgeon is describing the part of the bone where the break has occurred. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Epiphysis is the end of a long bone, not the middle region. B: Articular cartilage is the smooth, slippery surface covering the ends of bones in a joint, not the middle region. C: Perichondrium is the connective tissue surrounding cartilage, not the middle region.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: lymphatic system. The spleen is a key organ in the lymphatic system, responsible for filtering blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells, and producing white blood cells. It plays a crucial role in the immune system. Incorrect choices: A: nervous system - The spleen is not part of the nervous system; it is not involved in transmitting nerve impulses. B: integumentary system - The spleen is not part of the integumentary system, which includes skin, hair, and nails. D: urinary system - The spleen is not part of the urinary system, which includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.