ati teas 7 science

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in immune function by regulating the expression of genes involved in immune response. It helps in the production of antimicrobial peptides that defend against pathogens. Vitamin A is important for vision and skin health, not directly related to immune function. Vitamin B12 is essential for neurological function and red blood cell production. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects cells from damage but does not have a direct role in immune function. Therefore, the correct choice is Vitamin D as it directly supports immune system function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity. The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, indicating the atom's mass. The number of electrons is not directly related to either the atomic or mass number, eliminating choices B and D. Choice C is incorrect because the atomic number specifically refers to the number of protons, not neutrons. Thus, choice A is the only accurate explanation of the difference between the atomic number and the mass number.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, both transcription and translation. First, DNA undergoes transcription to produce mRNA, which carries the genetic information. Then, during translation, mRNA is used by ribosomes to synthesize proteins. Replication (A) is the process of copying DNA, not directly related to protein synthesis. Transcription (B) is the step where DNA is transcribed into mRNA. Translation (C) is the process where mRNA is translated into proteins. Therefore, both transcription and translation are essential steps in the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nucleotide. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, consisting of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. They are linked together in a specific sequence to form the DNA molecule's double helix structure. Amino acids (choice A) are the building blocks of proteins, not DNA. Phosphate groups (choice C) are components of nucleotides but are not the sole building blocks of DNA. Fatty acids (choice D) are not involved in the structure of DNA at all. Therefore, the correct answer is nucleotide as it accurately represents the basic components that make up DNA.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tendons. Tendons are tough connective tissues that attach skeletal muscles to bones. They transmit the force generated by muscles to the bones, allowing movement. Ligaments (A) connect bones to other bones, not muscles. Cartilage (C) is a firm, flexible connective tissue found in joints, not directly involved in muscle attachment. Fascia (D) is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, but it does not directly attach muscles to bones.