Practice Science TEAS Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cartilage. Cartilage is the type of tissue that protects the respiratory system's trachea. Cartilage provides structural support and flexibility to the trachea, allowing it to maintain its shape and prevent collapse during breathing. Bone (A) is too rigid for this function. Collagen (C) is a protein that provides strength but does not have the same supportive properties as cartilage. Keratin (D) is a protein found in skin, hair, and nails, not in the trachea. Therefore, cartilage is the most suitable tissue to protect the trachea in the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pineal gland. The pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin, which plays a crucial role in regulating the body's circadian rhythm. Melatonin helps control the sleep-wake cycle, making it responsible for maintaining the body's internal clock. The other choices are incorrect because the thyroid gland regulates metabolism (A), the pancreas regulates blood sugar levels (C), and the hypothalamus controls various bodily functions but is not directly responsible for maintaining the circadian rhythm (D).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that plays a key role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. It helps control the body's internal clock and signals when it's time to sleep. Cortisol (choice A) is a stress hormone, thyroxine (choice C) regulates metabolism, and insulin (choice D) controls blood sugar levels, but they do not directly regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin is the only hormone among the choices specifically associated with sleep regulation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Estrogen is the correct answer because it is the hormone released by the ovaries to mature an egg. Estrogen plays a crucial role in the development of the ovarian follicle, promoting the growth and maturation of the egg. Luteinizing Hormone and Progesterone are also involved in the menstrual cycle but do not directly mature the egg. Testosterone is primarily produced in the testes and plays a role in male reproductive functions, not in egg maturation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because anatomical terms use specific directions to describe relationships between body parts. In this case, "lateral" refers to the side of the body, so the thumb being on the lateral aspect of the hand is accurate. The other choices are incorrect because they do not follow anatomical terminology standards. Choice A incorrectly compares the shoulder joint to the neck using proximity, not specific directional terms. Choice B uses "superior" incorrectly to describe the elbow joint in relation to the shoulder. Choice C inaccurately compares the thoracic and cervical vertebrae using the term "superior," which is not anatomically correct in this context.