Practice Science TEAS Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Sulfur (atomic number 16) typically has 16 protons and 16 electrons in a neutral state. A negative ion gains an electron, so it would have 16 protons, 16 neutrons, and 17 electrons to maintain charge neutrality. Therefore, choice B (16 neutrons, 17 electrons) is correct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not account for the addition of an extra electron in the negative ion, resulting in an incorrect number of electrons.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that plays a key role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. It helps control the body's internal clock and signals when it's time to sleep. Cortisol (choice A) is a stress hormone, thyroxine (choice C) regulates metabolism, and insulin (choice D) controls blood sugar levels, but they do not directly regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin is the only hormone among the choices specifically associated with sleep regulation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve is the longest and thickest nerve in the human body, running from the lower back down the back of each leg. Its length allows it to innervate a large portion of the lower body. The other choices, A: Dorsal root ganglion and B: Laryngeal nerve, are not nerves but rather specific structures within the nervous system. Choice D: None of the above is incorrect as the sciatic nerve is indeed the nerve with the longest axon in the human body.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sudoriferous gland. Sudoriferous glands, also known as sweat glands, are responsible for producing sweat to regulate body temperature. They are distributed throughout the skin and play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis. Sebaceous glands (A) produce sebum, hair follicles (C) are responsible for hair growth, and melanocytes (D) produce melanin for skin pigmentation. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it directly relates to sweat production in the skin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because anatomical terms use specific directions to describe relationships between body parts. In this case, "lateral" refers to the side of the body, so the thumb being on the lateral aspect of the hand is accurate. The other choices are incorrect because they do not follow anatomical terminology standards. Choice A incorrectly compares the shoulder joint to the neck using proximity, not specific directional terms. Choice B uses "superior" incorrectly to describe the elbow joint in relation to the shoulder. Choice C inaccurately compares the thoracic and cervical vertebrae using the term "superior," which is not anatomically correct in this context.