Practice Science TEAS Test

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients due to its large surface area lined with villi and microvilli, which increase absorption capacity. It also contains enzymes and bile to further break down and facilitate nutrient absorption. The other choices are incorrect because the esophagus is a tube that transports food to the stomach, the stomach mainly digests food using acid and enzymes, and the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Abduction is the movement away from the midline of the body. This is the correct answer because abduction refers to a lateral movement away from the body's midline, such as when raising your arms sideways. Option B is incorrect because it describes flexion, which decreases the angle of a joint. Option C is incorrect as it describes extension, increasing the angle of a joint. Option D is also incorrect as it describes adduction, moving towards the body's midline.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Elbow joint. A hinge joint allows movement in one direction, similar to a door hinge. The elbow joint only allows flexion and extension, making it a classic example of a hinge joint. The hip joint (A) and shoulder joint (C) are examples of ball-and-socket joints, allowing a wider range of motion in multiple directions. The knee joint (D) is a modified hinge joint, allowing flexion and extension as well as slight rotation, but it is not a typical hinge joint due to its additional movements.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Near to the midline of the body. "Medial" refers to being close to the midline of the body or a structure. This term is commonly used in anatomy to describe the position of a body part relative to the midline. Choice A is incorrect as "being face down" is described as prone. Choice B is incorrect as "on the front of the body or limb" is described as anterior. Choice D is incorrect as "above or on top of the lungs" is described as superior. In summary, the term medial specifically refers to proximity to the midline of the body, distinguishing it from the other choices provided.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that plays a key role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. It helps control the body's internal clock and signals when it's time to sleep. Cortisol (choice A) is a stress hormone, thyroxine (choice C) regulates metabolism, and insulin (choice D) controls blood sugar levels, but they do not directly regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin is the only hormone among the choices specifically associated with sleep regulation.