ATI TEAS Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A neutralization reaction involves the combination of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water. This type of reaction is characterized by the formation of a salt through the exchange of ions. In contrast, oxidation reactions involve the loss of electrons, synthesis reactions involve the combination of substances to form a new compound, and decomposition reactions involve the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances. Therefore, the correct answer is B because it specifically results in the production of a salt.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mitosis. In somatic cells, mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It consists of stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. Choice B: Meiosis is incorrect because it is the process of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells to produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Choice C: Respiration is incorrect because it is the process of converting nutrients into energy in the form of ATP, not cell division. Choice D: Cytogenesis is incorrect as it is not a term commonly used to describe the process of cell division in somatic cells.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because in a primary immune response, the first event is the recognition and phagocytosis of pathogens by macrophages. This is crucial for initiating the immune response by presenting antigens to T cells. Neutrophils (choice B) are important in later stages as part of the innate immune response. B lymphocytes (choice C) produce antibodies later in the response. Helper T cells (choice D) are activated by the antigens presented by macrophages and play a role in coordinating the immune response but are not the first event.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because in an experiment, the independent variable is the one that is manipulated by the researcher, which in this case is the amount of poison given to the rat. The dependent variable is the outcome that is being measured, which is how quickly the rat dies. By varying the amount of poison, we can observe the effect it has on the time it takes for the rat to die. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they incorrectly identify the independent and dependent variables or introduce irrelevant variables like whether the rat eats the poison or the cage the rat is kept in, which are not the variables being directly manipulated or measured in this experiment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the autonomic nervous system (ANS) indeed contains both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. The ANS regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. A: While A is partially correct, it does not encompass the full scope of the ANS functions. B: B is incorrect as the ANS primarily consists of efferent neurons that carry motor signals from the central nervous system to target organs. C: C is incorrect as the ANS consists of efferent neurons that carry signals away from the central nervous system to target organs, not sensory neurons.