ATI TEAS Science

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because in a primary immune response, the first event is the recognition and phagocytosis of pathogens by macrophages. This is crucial for initiating the immune response by presenting antigens to T cells. Neutrophils (choice B) are important in later stages as part of the innate immune response. B lymphocytes (choice C) produce antibodies later in the response. Helper T cells (choice D) are activated by the antigens presented by macrophages and play a role in coordinating the immune response but are not the first event.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because sinuses warm, humidify, and filter air before it reaches the lungs, improving respiratory efficiency. Sinuses have mucous membranes that trap particles and pathogens, preventing them from entering the respiratory system. This process helps to protect the lungs and maintain their health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because sinuses do not primarily trap pathogens, direct air down the trachea, or sweep away pathogens towards the top of the trachea.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gametes. Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Genes (A) are units of heredity, alleles (B) are different forms of a gene, and chromatids (C) are duplicated chromosomes. These choices are not directly produced by meiosis but are related to genetic material and cell division processes. Gametes are the specific reproductive cells formed through meiosis, making them the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: DNA mutation. An alteration in the normal gene sequence is referred to as a mutation, which can result from changes in the DNA sequence. Mutations can lead to variations in genetic information. Gene migration (B) refers to the movement of genes between populations. Polygenic inheritance (C) involves the contribution of multiple genes to a trait. Incomplete dominance (D) is a genetic pattern where the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Catabolism. 1. Catabolism specifically refers to the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules to release energy. 2. Metabolism (A) is the overall set of chemical reactions that occur in an organism, including anabolism and catabolism. 3. Bioenergetics (B) is the study of energy transformation in living organisms, not specifically the breakdown of molecules. 4. Anabolism (C) is the opposite process of catabolism, involving the building of large molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy input.